The following 227 papers have many estimates of the abundance and prevalence of Ahasverus advena populations (Table 1 Abundance and Prevalence) infesting many commodities or facilities at many locations in the marketing system, new houses or apartments (Anonymous 1969, Engelbrecht and Buske 1982, Miłkowski et al. 2019, Pierce et al. 2005, Potter 1993, 1997) or other natural habitats such as cattle-grazed grassland (Helden 2009), compost (Miłkowski et al. 2019, Odegaard and Tommeras 2000, Palm 1979, Ratti and Nardi 2011), haystacks (Bahr 1990, Donisthorpe 1936, 1939, Jennings 1932, Miłkowski et a. 2019, Solomon and Adamson 1955, Williams 1926), moldy plant debris (Czerwiński and Szawaryn 2020, Ratti and Nardi 2011), poultry (Legner et al. 1975, Pfeiffer and Axtell 1980, Skov et al. 2004, Stolzenberg and Wohlgemuth 1992) or stable manure (Walker 1938), under tree bark (Fall 1901, Lucas 1849, Ratti and Nardi 2011) and bird (Heim de Balsac 1952, Jussel 1905, Thompson 1966, Woodroofe 1953) or wasp nests (Nelson 1968) and many insights into their ecology that can be useful to pest management.
Biocontrol by Xylocoris flavipes (Brower 1992), heat treatment (Roesli et al. 2003), insecticides (Chapman 1960, Kelly and Amos 1993, Stanković et al. 1968, Thomas and Clasper 1986), mass trapping with UV light (Stolzenberg and Wohlgemuth 1992, Sukardi 1981), phosphine or sulphuryl fluoride fumigation (Abreu 1979, Arbogast et al. 2000b, Bell 2006, Fingelli 2012, Parasian et al. 2018) and stirring (Sserunjogi et al. 2024) provide effective control of A. advena. Ahasverus advena are moved by commerce along with commodities (Abreu 1979, Aitken 1975, Allotey 1988, Allotey and Kumar 1989, Casteels et al. 1996, Cornes and Ogunmodede. 1960, Cotterell 1952, Howe and Freeman 1955, Kiritani et al. 1959, Kraatz, 1862, Moemans et al. 1958, Olsen 1981, Ouellette 2018, Reitter 1876, Storey et al. 1982, Zimmerman 1990) through the marketing system and may be occasionally overlooked because of their small size (Riley 1957, Roach 1999). Ahasverus advena has been sent to extension for identification (Gibb et al. 2007, Meyer 1977, 1978) and has been the subject of extension bulletins and pest control magazine (Calvin 2023, El Damir 2012, Estabrook 2023, Mason 2018). A few papers document economic losses caused by this insect (Halstead 1993, Pannkuk 2010, Thomas and Clasper 1986). Ahasverus advena can serve as reservoirs for Salmonella indiana (Skov et al. 2004) or enterococci (Channaiah et al. 2010).
Ahasverus rectus has been found associated with stored products (Arbogast et al. 2000a,b, 2002, Löding 1945), has a wide distribution in the United States, and may infest stored products and be mistaken for Ahasverus advena (Kirk and Taft 1970, Zimmerman 1987). Ahasverus rectus has also been found on Horn Island, a barrier island off Mississippi coast that has been a ranch, military base and currently a wildlife refuge (Richmond 1968). Key (Cutler 1971) and drawlings (De Marzo 2000) are available for identifying larvae of Ahasverus advena. Ahasverus excisus (Reitter 1876) has only a very tenuous claim to being a storage insect (recorded and originally described in association with Havana cigars imported to Germany) but has been included because of its widespread distribution in Central and South America (Brazil, Guatemala Mexico, Panama, Surinam, Trinidad, Venezuela) where it may well have been overlooked in storage habitats (Halstead 1993).
Ahasverus advena may be associated with fungus produced hot spots (Sinha 1961, Sinha and Wallace 1966) and may be capable of disseminating fungi (Yeh 1979). Aspergillus spp. repel most stored grain insects except Ahasverus advena (Sinha 1971). Their life history is described by David and Mills 1975 and Jacob 1996. Seasonality has been investigated by Hagstrum 1987, Sinha and Wallace 1996,Weston and Barney 1998. Ahasverus are found in empty bins (Barker and Smith 1987, 1990, Chao 1954, Horton 1981, Kučerová et al. 2003, Liscombe and Watters 1962) and this may contribute to carrying over infestation to new grain crop being stored. Outdoor flight of A advena has been studied by Klejdysz and Nawrot 2010, Kučerová et al. 2005, Perez et al. 2020, Schwitzgebel and Walkden 1944, Southwood 1957, White et al. 1990 and four species of mites were found to be phoretic on A. advena (Barker 1993). Ahasverus. advena has higher chitinase (Fukamizo et al. 1985) increasing its ability to digest fungi, is less susceptible to aflatoxin (Zhao et al. 2018) and preys upon Hypothenemus hampei (Chuaire et al. 2023, Laiton et al. 2018). Hagstrum et al. (2013) provide an additional 46 references for facilities and for 138 commodities infested by Ahasverus advena. Ahasverus advena has more recently been found in railroad hopper cars delivering wheat to flour mill (Perez-Mendoza et al. 2004). For more information see Hagstrum and Subramanyam 2025.
References:
Abreu, Joao Manuel de 1979. Survey, monitoring and chemical control of insect infestations in stored cacao, Bahia, Brazil. PhD diss., Ohio State University. Ahasverus advena, was the insect pest most frequently found in the cacao in 60 kg jute bags at warehouses located on the pier of the ports of Ilheus and Bahia, Brazil with average densities as high as 80-90 insects per bag. Population peaked in March decreasing from April through to the end of June. No A. advena were trapped in July and August. An increase in the population started in September and continued until December. In January a striking decline was recorded which continued until the beginning of March. Ahasverus advena can develop when the moisture content of cacao beans is above 8%. Abundance A. advena can be ascribed to the presence of moldy cacao beans. The total number of A. advena sieved from cocao bags was 11495 in Northern Region of Bahia, Brazil, 13278 in central and 8275 in southern. Ahasverus advena preferred the BL lamp but the BLB was also effective in catching them. Phosphine fumigation reduce A. advena populations.
Aitken, A.D. 1975. Insect travellers. Volume I. Coleoptera. Technical Bulletin, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, No. 31, 191 p. Until the work of Woodroffe 1962 and Hill 1964, Ahasverus had been considered a mold feeder, but it occurs more frequently than mold feeders and the amount of mold may be insufficient for the number of A. advena present. A. advena is capable of damaging commodities but mold or dried yeast are essential part of diet. From West Africa and Orient, imported cargos of palm kernels, cocoa beans and copra were infested by A. advena. From Orient, Sago flour was also infested and Illipenuts were most frequently infested. The number of infested cargos tended to decrease from 1957 to 1969. Copra and cocoa beans cargos from Pacific Islands were infested by A. advena.
Allotey, J. 1988. A Study of the Insect Pests in Stored Palm Produce in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Journal of Stored Products Research 24(4): 237–240. Beginning in mid-February, 647 Ahasverus advena were trapped with sticky traps in spaces between bags in a transit shed at Abonnema Wharf, Port Harcourt, Nigeria containing 5700 bags of palm kernels and palm kernel meal (470 metric tons).
Allotey, J. 1991. Stored Insect Pest of Cereal in Small Scale Farming Community and Their Control. Insect Science and Its Application 12 (5/6): 679–693. Ahasverus advena was found infesting small scale farm storages of cereals, maize, paddy, rice, sorghum, barley, wheat flour and wheat.
Allotey, J. and R. Kumar. 1989. Management of Palm Kernel Insect Pests in Transit Sheds. Discovery And Innovation 1(1): 84–90. Totals of 37 Ahasverus advena were captured on 30 stickly traps on pallets under one palm kernel bag stack and 98 on 50 sticky traps on pallets under a second palm kernel bag stack. A total of 1206 A. advena were captured during 2 weeks in palm oil traps around 3 bag stacks.
Anonymous 1969. Stored Products Highlights. Cooperative Economic Insect Report. 19 (14): 254. Ahasverus advena was common in Iowa and unusually numerous in homes in late summer in Indiana.
Arbogast, Richard T., Paul E. Kendra, Richard W. Mankin, and Richard C. McDonald 2002. Insect infestation of a botanicals warehouse in north-central Florida. Journal of Stored Products Research 38(4): 349-363. Small numbers of Ahasverus advena (12) and Ahasverus rectus (16) were trapped in empty botanical warehouse (Spring 1988) or while storing dried saw palmetto berries (Spring 1998 or Fall-Spring 1988-1999) or dried passion-flower (maypop) vines (Summer 1998).
Arbogast, Richard T., Paul E. Kendra, Richard W. Mankin, and Jeffrey E. McGovern 2000a. Monitoring Insect Pests in Retail Stores by Trapping and Spatial Analysis. J. Econ. Entomol. 93(5): 1531-1542. A single Ahasverus rectus was captured in 40 pitfall traps with cigarette beetle and red flour beetle/confused flour beetle pheromone lures plus oat oil over 5 days in retail pet food store in Florida.
Arbogast, Richard T., Paul E. Kendra, David K. Weaver, and Dennis Shuman. 2000b. Insect infestation of stored oats in Florida and field evaluation of a device for counting insects electronically. Journal of economic entomology 93(3): 1035-1044. Ahasverus advena was 36% of the probe trap catch and up to >75% of beetle population. The highest population levels of A. advena were concentrated along the wall of the bin from northwest to east coinciding roughly with the highest moisture contents. Phosphine fumigation reduced the A. advena population but some survived. Ahasverus rectus occurred in small numbers (three were trapped). This species is widely distributed in the southeastern states and has been considered a field insect that may contaminate stored food products.
Arbogast, R.T. and Mullen, M.A. 1988. Insect succession in a stored-corn ecosystem in southeast Georgia. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 81: 899–912. Ahasverus advena added at beginning of study died out during the first winter in 5.36 t of shelled corn.
Arthur, B. W. 1956. Insects in stored peanuts and their seasonal abundance. J. Econ. Entomol. 49, 119-120. In the United States, A. advena population infested stored peanuts in Alabama with a peak of 134 in November 1953 then somewhat consistent from March to August 1954 (20 to 57 per bushel).
Arthur, F. H. and M. E. Casada. 2010. Directional flow of summer aeration to manage insect pests in stored wheat. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 26(1): 115-122. In 2006-2007, suction aeration resulted in higher numbers of Ahaverus advena being trapped by probe traps than pressure aeration in August (265 vs 122 adults), September (168 vs 13 adults) and October (94 vs 8 adults). In 2004, this was true in only one out of 5 bins (168 vs 60 adults in August) and numbers were higher with pressure aeration in the other 4 cases.
Arthur, Frank H. and Mark E. Casada. 2016. Temperature stratification and insect pest populations in stored wheat with suction versus pressure aeration. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 32(6): 849-860. The total number of Ahasverus advena being trapped by probe traps in two pressure bins at each sample date ranged from 0 to 238 compared to 0 to 28 in the suction bins in 2010-2011. There were less A. advena in 2011-2012 compared to the first year, with populations ranging from 0 to 16 in the pressure bins compared to 0 to 39 in the suction bins There were more A. advena in suction than in pressure bins on the first six sample dates in 2012-2013, but then populations in both bins declined and remained low until the bins were unloaded the following spring.
Arthur, F.H., Hagstrum, D.W., Flinn, P.W., Reed, C.R. & Phillips, T.W. 2006. Insect populations in grain residues associated with commercial Kansas grain elevators. Journal of Stored Products Research 42: 226-239. The mean number of Ahasverus advena found in grain residues at 9 elevators in Kansas ranged from 0.3 to 0.19 live insects/kg with an overall total of 141 from 1575 grain residue samples over 2 years. None were found at one elevator. The majority were found in March. The mean number of A. advena/kg varied between locations in elevator, i.e., boot pit = 0.11, dump pit = 0.02, headhouse = 0.01, rail area = 0.05, and tunnel = 0.43.
Atanasov, K. H. 1974.Insects attacking stored sunflower seed. Rastenievdni Nauki 11, 139-146. A. ahasverus infests sunflower seed in Bulgaria.
Athanassiou, C. G., and P. A. Eliopoulos. 2003. Seasonal abundance of insect pests and their parasitoids in stored currants. IOBC WPRS Bulletin 26(8): 283-292. With sticky traps in horizontal currant storage inspected at 10-day intervals from January 2000 to January 2001, Ahasverus advena were 0.41% of total catch.
Bachmann, Amanda 2021. Foreign grain beetles in new construction. https://www.capjournal.com/community/foreign-grain-beetles-in-new-construction/article_f68f16e4-3b28-11ec-8b8c-c7a5b8a1f6b7.html The foreign grain beetle samples we receive almost exclusively come from newly constructed homes rather than grain bins.
Bahr, Igor 1980. Zum Schadlingsauftreten in Mischfutterwerken (Occurrence of pests in mixed-feed plants). Nachrichtenblatt-Fur-Den-Pflanzenschutz-in-Der-DDR 34: 178-183. Ahasverus advena found infesting alfalfa green meal used in mixed feed plants.
Bahr, Igor 1990. Freilandaberwinterung des Tropischen Schimmelplattkafers und des Reiskafers im Schutz von Hiickselstrohdiemen (Outdoor wintering of the tropical flat beetle and the rice beetle under the protection of straw stacks). Phytomedizin 20(2), 19.
Barak, Alan V., and Phillip K. Harein. 1981. Insect infestation of farm-stored shelled corn and wheat in Minnesota. Journal of Economic Entomology 74(2): 197-202.Ahasverus advena was present in 65% of year-old shelled corn stored in 40 round steel bins in south-central Minnesota during 1977. On 8 farm bins with mold-damaged year-old shelled corn densities ranged from 2-30 live adults A. advena per 0.95 liter corn sample and a 9th bin had >100 live adults per sample. A. advena was found in 5.4% of 37 bins in May, 50% of 36 bins in July-August and 52% of 25 bins in September-October. A. advena was predominate in 11 wheat bins sampled from May-October 1978. A. advena was found in 61.7% of 47 shelled corn samples from elevator.
Barker, Philip S., and Lawrie B. Smith. 1987. Spatial Distribution of Insect Species in Granary Residues in the Prairie Provinces. Canadian Entomologist 119(12): 1123-1130. The number of Ahasverus advena per sample fit negative bionomial distribution.
Barker, P. S. and L. B. Smith. 1990. Influence of Granary Type And Farm Practices on the Relative Abundance of Insects in Granary Residues. Canadian Entomologist 122(3): 393-400. Uninfested grain residue samples were reduced by 2% as results of previous Ahasverus advena infestation in empty bins but was not influenced by presence of livestock, vacuum cleaning, insecticide spray or fumigation.
Barker, Philip S. 1993. Phoretic mites found on beetles associated with stored grain in Manitoba. Canadian Entomologist 125(4): 715-719. Phoretic deutonymphs of Digamasellus punctum and hypopi of Acalvolia sp. near squamata were found under the wings of Ahasverus advena adults. D. punctum and A. squamata have been found in stable manure and house dust, respectively. Phoretic female Dolychocybe sp. near Indica were under wings of A. advena and phoretic female Tarsonemus ascitus was on prothorax of A. advena.
Barrer, P.M., 1983. A field demonstration of odour-based, host-food finding behaviour in several species of stored grain insects. Journal of Stored Products Research 19, 105–110. Demonstrated the importance of food odor in attracting various beetles Ahasverus advena to stored grain from some distance away.
Basak, P. K. 1991. New records and seasonality of beetles infesting stored herbal drugs. Geobios New Reports 10(1): 38-41. Cydonia oblonga (common quince) and Rubia cordifolia (common madder or Indian madder) stored in Calcutta were infested by Ahasverus advena in low levels in all seasons sampled.
Bell, C.H. 2006. Factors affecting the efficacy of sulphuryl fluoride as a fumigant. p. 519-526. Proceedings of the 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, 15-18 October 2006, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Brazilian Post-harvest Association – ABRAPOS, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Even for tolerant species such as Ahasverus advena under cool temperature conditions, length of exposure is the key to reducing the dosage levels required for control to the practically feasible level of 1,500 g h m-3. For A. advena with eggs starting to hatch a week after oviposition at 20oC, increasing the exposure from 4 to 7 days greatly affects tolerance at this temperature.
Bell, K. O., Partida, G. J. and Mills, R. B. 1972. Kansas stored grain insect survey. Kans. Coop. Economic Insect Survey Report 19(5): l-3. Ahasverus advena was one of 5 most common species on farms in Kansas being found in 23% of 13 corn bins, 23% of 9 oat bins and 19% of 154 wheat bins.
Blatchley, Willis Stanley. 1910. An Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue of the Coleoptera or Beetles (exclusive of the Rhynchophora) Known to Occur in Indiana: With Bibliography and Description of New Species. Nature Publishing Company. Ahasverus advena probably occurs throughout Indiana associated with various commercial products, especially damp flour, meal, rice, figs, beans, apples, etc.
Bousquet, Y. 1990. Beetles associated with stored products in Canada: an identification guide. Research Branch Agriculture Canada Publication 1837. In Canada, A. advena is found from Nova Scotia west to British Columbia (Bousquet 1990).
Brandt, W., D. LaHue, J. Schesser, R. Mills, E. Martinez, and L. Peters 1964. Stored-Grain Insect Survey In Kansas – 1964. Cooperative Economic Insect Report 14 (49): 1276–1278. Ahasverus advena was found in wheat (average of 0.4/kg with range of 0.3-0.4/ kg in 2 out of 63 samples), sorghum (average of 0.6/kg with range of 0.3-1/kg in 4 out of 25 samples), oats (average of 1.7/kg with range of 0.2-0.4/kg in 3 out of 14 ), barley (0.4/kg in 1 out of 5 samples) and dust and debris (numerous 2 out of 7 samples) but not corn. Infestations were in EC districts in four grains, also NE district in oats and C district in dust and debris.
Brower, John H., and John W. Press. 1992. Suppression of residual populations of stored-product pests in empty corn bins by releasing the predator Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter). Biological Control 2(1): 66-72. Ahasverus advena in grain residues in empty corn bins were reduced by 72.9% by Xylocoris flavipes from mean 155 to 42 A. advena per 2 kilograms of corn over 7 weeks (repeated 3 times between May and September) in six 500 bushel bins.
Bruno, T.V., Guimarães, J.H., Santos, A.M.M. and Tucci, E.C. 1993. Moscas sinantrópicas (Diptera) e seus predadores que se criam em esterco de aves poedeiras confinadas, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (Synanthropic flies (Diptera) and their predators that breed in manure from confined laying hens in the State of São Paulo, Brazil). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 37(3): 577–590. Ahasverus advena found in poultry manure accumulated on poultry farms.
Bullington, S.W. and R.L. Pienkowski 1993. Dichlorvos and plastic covers affect insects infesting stored cocoa beans in dockside warehouses. Journal of Economic Entomology 86: 1151–1156. Dichlorvos released by resin strips between 30 July and 28 October 1987 in Norfolk, VA port warehouse did not control Ahasverus advena in cocoa beans from Ivory Coast, Africa. Plastic sheeting was unacceptable because this treatment may be associated with increased populations of pest beetles resulting from maintenance of higher humidities and moisture contents (132 A. advena covered vs 109 uncovered).
Calvin, D. 2023. Foreign grain beetles. PennState Entension https://extension.psu.edu/foreign-grain-beetles The insect is a strong flyer and, from long distances, can easily locate moldy grain in bins and in fields.
Casteels, H.; Moermans, R.; Miduturi, J.S.; De Clercq, R. 1996. Occurence of insect pests in imported stored products in Belgium during the period 1991–1995. Meded. Fac. Landbouwkd. Toegep. Biol. Wet. Univ. Gent 61: 697–701. In 1991, Ahaverus advena was 81% of insects in South American cocoa beans, 61% of insects in African cocoa beans and 39% of insects in Far-East Asian coco beans. Between 1992 and 1995 A. advena became moderately less prevalent.
Channaiah, Lakshmikantha H., Bhadriraju Subramanyam, Leland J. McKinney, and Ludek Zurek. 2010. Stored-product insects carry antibiotic-resistant and potentially virulent enterococci. FEMS microbiology ecology 74(2): 464-471. One out of 2 Ahasverus advena positive for enterococci.
Chao, Y. 1954. Insects in grain elevators at Pullman and Albion, Washington. Pan-Pacific Entomol. 30: 260–262. Ahasverus advena was very rarely found among the 9830 insects collected mostly from empty bins treated with residual sprays.
Chapman, Harold C. 1960. Stored-Grain Insects and Their Control in New Jersey. Journal of Economic Entomology 53(4): 536-539. Ahasverus advena were abundant only in 1956 when the grain had an average moisture content of 14.0% at initial storage. Pyrethrins and Malathion substantially reduced A. advena populations from 44 insects per quart of grain in control to 0 to 1.9 or 4.3 in treated in 1956.
Chapman, R. B., John WM Marris, and J. B. Drummond. 2016. Survey of insect pests of stored grain in New Zealand. 285-289. Ahasverus advena are recorded as being widespread and established in New Zealand.
Christian, Tano Djè Kévin, Tah Gueu Tatiana-Thérèse, Soro Sinaly, Soro Senan, and Seri-Kouassi Badama Philomène. 2019. Insect diversity of coffee beans (Coffea spp) in the Haut-Sassandra region and their impacts (Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 7(5): 990-996. Ahasverus advena was 2nd most abundant in 3 samples of 3 kg of coffee beans per locality with 9 individuals in Djipri’s locality, with 33 individuals in Bédiala’s locality, with 96 individuals in Haut-Sassandra region.
Chuaire, Luis Miguel Constantino, and Pablo Benavides Machado. 2023. Efecto de Los Depredadores Cathartus quadricollis y Ahasverus advena (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) Sobre Hypothenemus hampei En El Campo (Effect of the Predators Cathartus quadricollis and Ahasverus advena (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) on Hypothenemus hampei in the Field). Revista Cenicafe 74(1), e74106 Ahasverus advena reduced Hypothenemus hampei in the field by up to 70.1% when it was placed in the aerial part of the coffee tree and by 76.4% when it was placed on the ground.
Coombs, C. W. and G. E. Woodroffe. 1968. Changes in the arthropod fauna of an experimental bulk of stored wheat. Journal of Applied Ecology 5: 563-574. The 500 adults added initially died out during the first winter.
Corbett, G. H., Mohamed Yusope, and Abu Hassan. 1937. Insects associated with Copra in Malaya. 20: 1-91.Ahasverus advena was the commonest insects associated with copra in Malaya, and also has been found associated with stored rice. Ahasverus advena has not been found near copra kilns but is often common in stores on estates and at ports and rarely has been found on copra without mold.
Cornes, M. A., and S. I. Ogunmodede. 1960. Technical Report No. 21. A Survey of Pest Infestation in Ships Visiting Apapa Docks. p. 73–81. West African Stored Products Research Unit (WASPRU) Annual Report, Department of Marketing and Exports, Lagos, Nigeria. Ahasverus advena was found in cocoa, groundnut or ground nut cake cargos of 3 of 5 ships when cargo was inspected in transit shed, on ship in Apapa, and produce and ship upon its arrival in UK. Ahasverus advena was detected frequently only on groundnuts on one ship in Apapa and not in transit shed or upon ship arrival in UK. This species was detected very frequently on cocoa in transit shed, and upon arrival of second ship in UK, but not on ship in Apapa. The third ship had A. advena infestation detected only upon its arrival in UK, frequently in cocoa and very frequently in groundnut cake.
Cotterell, G. S. 1952. Insects Associated With Export Produce In Southern Nigeria. Bulletin of Entomological Research 43(1): 145–152. In ports, endemic Ahasverus advena spread to groundnuts awaiting shipment. Sticky mid-ribs of palm leaves traps caught 298 A. advena adults over an 8 day period in cocoa palm kernel store in Lagon.
Cotton, Richard T. 1956. Pests of stored grain and grain products. Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Ahasverus advena is attracted to damp grain and feeds, strong flier, attacks ripening grain the field and exceedingly common in farm stored grain that is beginning to go out of condition.
Cotton R. T. and Winburn T. F. 1941. Field infestation of wheat by insects attacking it in farm storage. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc.14: 12-16. In the U.S.A. (Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri), Ahasverus advena was the most abundant species in wheat heads collected when the grain was still immature and had a high moisture content, particularly on the tips of ears where kernels were rotting.
Cox, P.D. and Dolder, H.S., 1995. A simple flight chamber to determine flight activity in small insects. Journal of Stored Products Research 31, 311–316. For strain of Ahasverus advena cultured in the laboratory for over 20 years, only a single beetle flew at minimum temperature for flight of 17.5oC. Although the numbers of adults flying to, and remaining in, a bait unit almost doubled when it was filled with kibbled wheat, the differences were not significant statistically. However, when a filter paper pad moistened with water was present the numbers of beetles in the trap increased to 25.7% which was nearly five times greater than the empty trap. There was a further significant increase to 38.6% when both kibbled wheat and a moist pad were present together.
Cranham, J. E. 1960 Insect infestation of stored raw cocoa in Ghana. Bull. Entomol. Res.. 51, 203-222.The most common species initially in Kumasi, Ghana (mean 0.31 per bag in September and 0.52 in October) was A. advena, their occurrence is very irregular and suggests a great sensitivity to moisture content.
Craufurd-Benson, H. J. 1938. The selection of a standard insect for the laboratory testing of insecticides. Bulletin of Entomological Research 29(2): 119-123. Out of 27 species tested, Ahasverus advena, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Oryzaephilus mercator have been found to be suitable laboratory test insects. The inadvisability of using insects collected in the field, or insects that do not breed naturally throughout the year, is illustrated.
Cutler J. R. 1971. A key for distinguishing the larvae of Ahasverus advena(Waltl), Cathartus quadricollis(Guer.), Oryzaephilus surinamensis(L.) and Oryzaephilus mercator(Fauv.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). J. stored Prod. Res. 7: 125-127.
Czerwiński, Tomasz, and Karol Szawaryn. 2020. New data on occurrence of five adventive beetle species (Coleoptera) in Poland. Wiadomosci Entomologiczne 39(1): 10-11. Ahasverus advena is rare in Polish granaries, but recent faunal data show its wide distribution in decaying, moldy plant debris in both synanthropic and natural environments.
David, M. H. and R. B. Mills. 1975. Development, Oviposition, and Longevity of Ahasverus advena Coleoptera, Cucujidae. Journal of Economic Entomology 68(3): 341–345. Development of foreign grain beetles from oviposition to adult took 22.5 days at 75% RH and 27°C in a rolled oats-yeast medium. When fully grown, the larva of Ahasverus advena constructs a chamber of food particles cemented together and then attaches itself to substrate with a brownish substance secreted from the anal aperature. The preoviposition period in constant 75% RH was 3-4 days. The highest daily rate of oviposition per female occurred during the 1st 15 days after emergence. The rate remained relatively low from then to 90-105 days, then increased again. On egg-laying days in constant 75% RH, the number of eggs produced per female was 1-4, occasionally 8-12. Each female oviposited for 20-30 days, stopped for 5-23 days, then resumed. There were normally 2-4 nonovipositional periods per female. In constant 58% RH the preoviposition period ranged from 4-20 days; however, 65% of the females did not oviposit. Mated male and female beetles lived an average 159 and 208 days, respectively, with respective ranges of 56-325 and 45-339 days, while unmated males and females averaged 275 and 301 days with ranges of 180-375 and 200-530 days, respectively. Eggs per female per 135 days averaged 198 at 75% RH and 27°C.
David, M. H, R. B. Mills, and D. B. Sauer. 1974. Development and Oviposition of Ahasverus advena (Waltl) (Coleoptera, Silvanidae) on 7 Species of Fungi. Journal of Stored Products Research 10(1): 17–22. Ahasverus advena developed on Aspergillus amstelodami, Penicillium citrinumand a Cladosporiumsp.(87-91% become adults in 17-24 days)but not on A. flavus, A. niger or A. ochraceus.A few larvae reached the adult stage on A. candidus (33% in 22-34 days). Females laid more eggs on molds on which larval development was successful.
De Marzo L. 2000. Larve di Coleotteri in detriti vegetali di origine agricola: lineamenti morfologici e presenza stagionale (Polyphaga: 20 famiglie) (Coleoptera larvae in agricultural plant debris: morphological features and seasonal presence (Polyphaga: 20 families)). Entomologica, 34: 65–131. Ahasversus remain present in almond hulls from autumn until the following winter and richest type of host material was dregs of pressed grapes.
Dharmaputra, Okky S. 1999. The occurrence of insects and moulds in stored cocoa beans at South Sulawesi. Biotropia 12: 1-18. Ahasverus advena found in 1kg cocoa bean samples at trader (9.5%) and exporter (33.3%) levels during the February wet season but not July dry season. Farmers, traders and exporters in South Sulawesi, Indonesia did not carry out postharvest handling and technology processing properly.
Directorate of Plant Protection Quarantine and Storage (DPPQS), 2024
Domínguez Umpiérrez, J.E. and Marrero Artabe, L. 2010. Catálogo de la entomofauna asociada a almacenes de alimentos en la provincia de Matanzas (Catalogue of the entomofauna associated with food warehouses in the province of Matanzas). Fitosanidad, 14(2): 75–82. Ahasverus advena was among the 5 most abundant insect species in 10 commodities (Bean, coffee, durum wheat, maize, maize flour, peas, rice, soybeans, textured soybean flour and residues on floor) in 3 warehouses.
Donisthorpe Horace J. K. 1936. Cathartus (Ahasuerus) advenaWaltl in the open. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 72: 228. Literally tens of thousands of Ahasverus advena were found in haystack from a very large field miles away from any granaries or warehouses.
Donisthorpe, H. St. J. K. 1939. A preliminary list of the Coleoptera of Windsor Forest, Nathaniel Lloyd, London 126 p. Large numbers of Ahasverus advena at bottom haystack.
Doud, C. W.; Cuperus, G. W.; Kenkel, P.; Payton, M. E.; Phillips, T. W. 2021. Trapping Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and other beetles in flourmills: Evaluating fumigation efficacy and estimating population density. Insects 12, 144. Totals of 23 to 74 A. advena per flour mill per year were trapped.
Doud, C. W.; Phillips, T. W. 2020. Responses of red flour beetle adults, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and other stored product beetles to different pheromone trap designs. Insects 11, 733. In field experiments in flour mill, 15 times more A. advena were caught in sticky trap with dust cover (0.15/trap/2 weeks) compared to pitfall trap (0.01/trap/2 weeks).
Dowdy A.K., and Mcgaughey W.H. 1994. Seasonal activity of stored-product insects in and around farm-stores wheat. J. Econ. Entomol. 87(5): 1351–1358. Ahasverus advena is often found in wheat immediately after harvest in Kansas. Maximum populations were detected outside of bins (mean catch = 15) after 2 wk of storage. The numbers of A. advena caught in probe traps in farm bins (mean catch = 26-178) did not correlate well with trap catch of this species outside these bins.
Dowdy, A.K., McGaughey, W.H., 1998. Stored-product insect activity outside of grain masses in commercial grain elevators in the Midwestern United States. Journal of Stored Products Research 34, 129–140. As many as 5 adult Ahasverus advena per trap per month were trapped in corrugated cardboard trap at one of four grain storage elevators and one adult was found in milo residue in basement of that elevator over a two year period.
Duarte, Sónia, Ana Magro, Graça Barros, and Maria Otilia Carvalho. 2024. Stored products insects in Portugal–New data and overview. Journal of Stored Products Research 105, 102230. Two Ahasverus advena collected from flour mill between 2019 and 2022 in Portugal.
Dunkel, Florence V., and Nancy R. Read. 1986. Sorbic acid as a long-term protectant in stored corn. Journal of economic entomology 79(3): 805-812. Probe traps and aerial pheromone traps detected few Ahasverus advena in the sorbic acid (Aflaban) treated corn bins until 15 months (July 183-October 1984) after treatment, when populations of A. advena increased rapidly to levels higher than those of the controls (mean 5.2 A. advena in sorbic acid to 4.1 in control).
El Damir, M. 2012. Mold Issues: [Pest Profile] Follow the moisture. Pest Control Technology (PCT) https://www.pctonline.com/magazine/june-2012/ Pallets made of new/green lumber provide perfect conditions for the growth of wood-decaying fungi or molds; consequently, Ahasverus advena can be found inside wrapped, non-food grade items. Presence of these beetles indoors in late summer or early fall, as adult beetles move from the field seeking protected places to spend the winter, prompts complaints of infestations. Once indoors, this pest doesn’t bite or cause damage to any structure, but it is a potential reservoir of pathogenic organisms, such as salmonella. Additionally, it may generate concerns with auditors in food-processing or food-handling plants.
Engelbrecht, H., and M. Buske. 1982. Zum Vorkommen des tropischen Schimmelplattkafers Ahasverus advena (Waltl, 1832) (Coleoptera, Silvanidae) in modernen Wohnbauten (The occurrence of the tropical beetle Ahasverus advena (Waltl, 1832) (Coleoptera, Silvanidae) in modern flats). Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete 28(2): 112-114. During the first 6 months of occupation, 300 cases of Ahasverus advena have been reported in large new blocks of flats in Postdam, Germany. High moisture construction materials resulted in molds in wall cavities and as central heating lowered humidity large numbers of A. advena emerged.
Engl, Tobias, Nadia Eberl, Carla Gorse, Theresa Krüger, Thorsten HP Schmidt, Rudy Plarre, Cornel Adler, and Martin Kaltenpoth. 2018. Ancient symbiosis confers desiccation resistance to stored grain pest beetles. Molecular ecology 27(8): 2095-2108. Symbionts of five bostrichid beetles (Lyctus brunneus, Rhizopertha dominica, Prostephanus truncatus, Dinoderus bifoveolatusand Dinoderus porcellus) and three silvanid beetles (Ahasverus advena, Oryzaephilus mercatorand Oryzaephilus surinamensis) all in same clade of Bacteroidetes bacteria.
Estabrook, Ethan 2023. Foreign grain beetles: Understanding their behavior, risks and effective control strategies. https://www.insectslimited.com/blog/foreign-grain-beetles-understanding-their-behavior-risks-and-effective-control-strategies
Fall, H. C. 1901. List of Coleoptera of southern California. California Acad. Sci, Occas. Pap. 8: 1-282. Found Ahasverus advena possibly hibernating, under eucalyptus bark in southern California in December.
Flingelli, G. 2012. Vergleich Der Empfindlichkeit von Labor- Und Feldstamm Des Tropischen Schimmelplattkafers Ahasverus Advena Gegen Phosphorwasserstoff p. 76 Comparison in Susceptibility of a Laboratory and a Field Strain of the Foreign Grain Beetle Ahasverus advena against Phosphine. In 58. Deutsche Pflanzenschutztagung Pflanzenschutz – alternativlos (German Plant Protection Conference, Plant protection – no alternative). Julius-Kuhn-Archiv. 438. Ahasverus advena surviving despite double phosphine fumigation in a feed factory suggested higher resistance. Mortality rates of adult stages in laboratory at 23 °C after 24 hour exposure to 20 ppm phosphine were sufficient to completely kill adults.
Freeman, J. A. 1963. Analysis Of Insect And Mite Infestations Found In Produce From The United States Examined In Ports In Great Britain In 1962. Cooperative Economic Insect Report 13 (23): 628–630. Ahasverus advena was found at British ports in rice (1 out of 61), milo (1 out of 28) and flour (1 out of 61) cargoes imported from USA.
Freeman, J. A. 1965. On The Infestation of Rice and Rice Products Imported into Britain. p. 632–634. In Proceedings of the 12th International Congress Entomology, London, Royal Entomological Society of London. Ahasverus were found in 38 out of 406 rice cargos from Thailand, 4 out of 203 rice cargoes from Burma and 2 out of 327 rice cargos from the USA imported into Britian. None were found in 429 rice cargoes from Australia or 405 rice cargoes from Italy. A. advena was not found in rice bran.
French, R. A. A 1971. Survey of Farm-Stored Bulk Wheat in Canterbury. p. 179–182. In Proc. 24th NZ Weed and Pest Control Conference. Widespread and established in New Zealand.
Fukamizo, T., R. D. Speirs and K. J. Kramer. 1985. Comparative biochemistry of mycophagous and non-mycophagous grain beetles, chitinolytic activities of foreign and sawtoothed grain beetles. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 81: 207-209. Larvae and adults of Ahasverus advena exhibit three-fold higher chitinase levels than do the same stages of Oryzaephilus surinamensis so that fungal chitin can be utilized as a food.
Gates, M.W. 1995. Population dynamics of lesser grain borer, rusty grain beetle, and Cephalonomia waterstoniin commercial elevators. M.S. thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. A total of 73 Ahasverus advena were caught in flight traps inside and outside bins, 149 in probe traps in the grain and 8 in grain samples from a 4,500 and a 6,000 metric ton steel bin at commercial grain storage elevator during 1993 and 1994.
Gibb, Timothy J., Christopher MF Pierce, and Robert D. Waltz. 2007. A synopsis of insect activity in Indiana during 2005. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 116(1): 42-49. Moisture-related insects such as Ahasverus advena were more common in 2005.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Ahasverus advena (Walt, 1832) occurrences, 2024. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/search?taxon_key=1043858 A total of 1897 occurrences of A. advena mainly outdoors habitats have been reported between 1897 and 2024, many with photographs of adult A. advena. Number of adult A. advena reported in diversity survey. A total of 567 occurrences of A. rectus have been reported with earliest 1944 and rest between 1972 and 2024 mostly from the United States but also one from Panama and 25 from Bahamas increased from February to August and then declined until December with another increase in January. A total of 7 occurrences of A. excisus have been reported.
Hagstrum, D.W., 1987. Seasonal variation of stored wheat environment and insect populations. Environmental Entomology 16, 77–83. Ahasverus advena were most abundant early in the storage period.
Hagstrum, DW. 2000. Using Five Sampling Methods to Measure Insect Distribution and Abundance in Bins Storing Wheat. Journal of Stored Products Research 36(3): 253–262. Ahasverus advena was more evenly distributed among these three regions (headspace, surface and grain mass) of a bin than the other species. Majority of insects caught in emergence traps was A. advena. Pushing probe traps below the surface of the grain reduced the numbers of A. advena captured. The total numbers of A. advena captured in one of 4 bins during one of 3 years varied from 479 to 5278 adults.
Hagstrum, D.W. 2001. Immigration of Insects into Bins Storing Newly Harvested Wheat on 12 Kansas Farms. Journal of Stored Products Research 37 (3): 221-229. Estimated mean total number of Ahasverus advena caught in ventilation traps as enter bins each day was 5.8 per day. Mean number of A. advena captured in ventilation traps at the bin cap were 15.1 times those captured in ventilation traps at the bin eaves. During the fourth week of storage, probe traps captured a mean of 3.5 Ahasverus advena in 32 bins out of 34 bins.
Hagstrum, D.W., Dowdy, A.K., Lippert, G.E. 1994. Early detection of insects in stored wheat using sticky traps in bin headspace and prediction of infestation level. Environmental Entomology 23, 1241-1244. Ahasverus advena were found in both traps and grain samples in 57.1% of 14 bins of newly harvested wheat on eight farms in Kansas and traps in all of the bins. More A. advena were trapped in center of bin (88.8) than against the bin wall (6.3).
Hagstrum, DW, PW Flinn, and B. Subramanyam. 1998. Predicting Insect Density from Probe Trap Catch in Farm-Stored Wheat. Journal of Stored Products Research 34(4): 251-262. Traps detected Ahasverus advena 37 days before they were detected in grain samples. More A. advena were caught in traps than were found in grain samples. Traps inserted with top below the surface of grain collected an average of 4.1 times more adults. Few A. advena were found in traps or grain samples after 90 days of storage and temperature had decreased to 23oC.
Hagstrum, D. W., T. Z. Klejdysz, Bh. Subramanyam and J. Nawrot. 2013. Atlas of Stored-Product Insects and Mites. AACC International, St. Paul, Minnesota. Ahasverus advena has cosmopolitan distribution and believed to be of American, Ethiopian or Oriental origin. Found 19 countries Africa, 16 in Asia, 9 in Central Ameria, 26 in Europe, 3 in North America, O 8 in Oceania, and 7 in South America. Commodities infested (138) include 2.2% dried insect, 2.2% vertebrate animal, 4.1% cocoa, 1.4% baked goods, 4.3% dried fruit, 8.0% fresh fruit or vegetable, 6.5% wheat, 6.5% grain products (kibbled wheat, rolled oat, wheat flour, wheat germ, 0.7% spoiled grain, 3.6% medicine, 3.6% nuts, 0.7% nut products, 5.0% other commodities, 6.0% oil seed (copra, palm kernel, peanut), 5.1% oil seed products, 5.1% pulse, 0.7% pulse product (soybean meal), 6.5% root, 2.9% root products, 3.6% seed, 7.2% seasonings, 13.8% vegetable material. Facilities infested include barley mills, cocoa storages, currant raisin storages, empty cargo containers, farm grain bins, farm storages of rice, feedmills, flat grain storages, flour mills, grain elevators, peanut shelling plants, peanut warehouses, pet stores, railroad cars, semolina mills, sultana raisin storages.
Hagstrum, D.W., Milliken, G.A., Waddell, M.S., 1985. Insect distribution in bulk-stored wheat in relation to detection or estimation of abundance. Environmental Entomology 14: 655-661. Ahasverus advena occurred in 34% of grain samples with the other fungus feeder, Typhaea stercorea.
Hagstrum, David W., and Bhadriraju Subramanyam. 2025. Ecology of Ahasverus advena in Stored Products and Other Habitats. Insects 16(3): 313.
Haines, C. P., Pranata, R. I. 1982. Survey on Insects and Arachnids Associated with Stored Products in Some Parts of Java. p. 17–48. In Progress in Grain Protection, Proceedings 5th Annual Regional Grains Post-Harvest Workshop, 19-21 Jan 1982, Chiang Mai, Thailand, S.E. Asia Cooperative Post-harvest Research & Development Programme, Laguna, Philippines
Halstead, D. G. H. 1963. External sex differences in stored-product Coleoptera. Bull. Entomol. Res. 54, 119-134.
Halstead, D. G. H. 1993. Keys for the identification of beetles associated with stored products–II. Laemophloeidae, Passandridae and Silvanidae. Journal of Stored Products Research 29: 99-197. Ahasverus advena is widespread and common in stored products throughout the world, can do some damage and in the U.K. has often been the cause of grain rejection and thus financial loss. In Britain, A. advena is commonly found on farm stored grain where it is usually indicative of poor storage conditions. Ahasverus excisus (Reitter 1876) has only a very tenuous claim to being a storage insect (recorded and originally described in association with Havana cigars imported to Germany) but has been included because of its widespread distribution in Central and South America (Brazil, Guatemala Mexico, Panama, Surinam, Trinidad, Venezuela) where it may well have been overlooked in storage habitats.
Hamid, A.; Lopez, S. A. Quality and weight changes in cocoa beans stored under two warehouses’ conditions in East Malaysia. Planter 2000, 76, 619-637. Over 16 months of cocoa bean storage in East Malaysia, A. advena increased from being rare prior to 7th month (November) to 18 in 12th month (April) and then decreased in commercial warehouse and increased from being rare prior to 5th month to 52 in 8th month and then decreased in plantation warehouse (Hamid & Lopez 2000). Lower numbers of A. advena in the commercial warehouse than the plantation warehouse was attributed to it having more of the predator Thaneroclerus buquet (Lefebvre).
Helden, Alvin 2009. Unusual Irish field record of the stored product pest, Ahasverus advena (Waltz) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). The Irish Naturalists’ Journal 30(2): 140-141. Ahasverus advena was collected in a suction sample from a cattle-grazed grassland at Teagasc Grange, Co. Meath
Heim de Balsac, H. 1952. Considerations sur une biocenose cons ti tuee autour d’ un nid de cigogne Ciconia ciconia, en Lorraine (Considerations on a biocenosis built around a stork nest Ciconia ciconia, in Lorraine). Alauda/Lark 20(3): 144-156. Ahasverus advena was found in white stork (Ciconia ciconia) nest.
Hill, S. T. 1965. Axenic Culture of the Foreign Grain Beetle, Ahasverus Advena (Waltl) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), and the Role of Fungi in Its Nutrition. Bulletin of Entomological Research 55(4): 681–690. Living fungi are not essential in Ahasverus advena diet, but may supplement an inadequate diet.
Hill, S. T. 1978. Development of Ahasverus advena (Coleoptera, Silvanidae) on seven species of Aspergillus and on food moulded by two of these. J. Stored Prod. Res. 14: 227-231. Ahasverus advena completed development on 5 out of 7 species of mold, but not Aspergillus flavus or A. niger. With A. niger, A. advena eggs hatched within 4 days, but larvae died soon after hatching. With autoclaved A. niger on insectary food (1 part rolled oats, 9 parts wheat feed and 1 part dried yeast), A. advena adult emergence was delayed by at least 5 days.
Hodges, R. J., H. Halid, D. P. Rees, J. Meik, and J. Sarjono. 1985. Insect traps tested as an aid to pest management in milled rice stores. Journal of Stored Products Research 21(4): 215-229. Brown rice and MAFF food bait trap catches showed that Ahasverus advena population changes were roughly proportional to those for spear sampling over a 7 month period in a store containing 4 bag stacks of polished rice. The A. advena population declined during first 2 months prior to fumigation in 3rd month and was high again during 6th and 7th months. Means of 40 Ahasverus advena adults were caught in brown rice bait bags on top of 4 bag stacks, 82 on side and 15 on floor during 7 months.
Horton, Paul Mackey. 1981. Identification and Control of On-Farm Stored Product Insect Problems in South Carolina. PhD diss., Auburn University. Ahasverus advena infestations were found in grain samples from 4.8% of bins with stored corn, 10.6% of bins with stored wheat, 4.1% empty bins, 7.8% of 51 farms and 8.2% of 46 counties.
Horton, PM. 1982. Stored Product Insects Collected from On-Farm Storage in South-Carolina. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 17(4): 485-491. An average of 2 Ahasverus advena per 0.9 liter grain sample were found at 1 or 2 farms in each of 3 counties in South Carolina.
Howe, R. W. 1952. Entomological problems of food storage in Northern Nigeria. Bull. ent. Res. 43:111-144. Groundnuts pick up a few southern insects a port and may arrive in Britian infested by typically southern species such as Ahasverus and Necrobia.
Howe, R. W., and Freeman, J. A. 1955. Insect infestation of West African produce imported into Britian. Bull. Entomol. Res. 46: 643-668. Ahasverus advena was detected in 31% of 665 cargos of cocao beans, 16% of 1257 cargos of palm kernels, 11% of 539 cargo of decorticated peanuts and 3% of 156 cargos of in shell peanuts. They were also found in 81 out of 339 cargos of other commodities. They were numerous but unevenly distributed.
Ingemansen, J.A., Reeves, D.L., Walstrom, R.J., 1986. Factors influencing stored-oat insect populations in South Dakota. Journal of Economic Entomology 79: 518–522. Ahasverus advena was one of five most common species infesting oats in South Dakota, i.e., infesting 8% of bins with an average density of infested samples of 19 in 1982-1983 and 5% of bins with 18 in 1983-1984. A. advena were not found in the top 1.6 m after 1 January in either year.
Jacob, T. A. 1996. The effect of constant temperature and humidity on the development, longevity and productivity of Ahasverus advena (Waltl.)(Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 32(2): 115-121.At 70% relative humidity, oviposition to adult development on kibbled wheat took 67, 58 and 48 days at 20, 22.5 and 25oC, respectively, while cumulative mortality was 94, 52 and 65%. At 90% relative humidity oviposition to adult development on kibbled wheat took 70, 46, 31, 26, 21, 16 and 22 days at 17.5, 20,22.5, 25, 27.5, 30 and 32.5”C, while cumulative mortality was 94, 68, 63, 44, 58, 45 and 57%. At 90% relative humidity the mean longevity increased from 69 days at 10°C to 267 days at 15’C and then declined to 99 days at 25’C. At 80 and 90% relative humidity productivity was high at 17.5, 20 and 25oC and 50 adults (0-3 weeks old) produced a mean of 125, 216 and 235 progeny, respectively in 3 weeks at 90% relative humidity. On farms it may develop in manure heaps and mouldy straw bales and fly to grain stores when the weather is warm. It is probable that adults are able to overwinter in such habitats, which are kept relatively warm by slow fermentation.
Janssens, J.; de Clercq, R. 1990. Arthropods in imported cocoa stocks. Revue de l’Agriculture 43, 581-585.
Jennings, F.B. 1932. Cathartus advena living with Cryptophagi. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 68, 231. Ahasverus (Cathartus) advena found in fair numbers with Cryptophagi (C. afíinis Sturm and C. pallidus Sturm) taken from a haystack on the Lea Marshes at Ponders End in March last year. May have come from large and old-established flour-mill near the river, at about a mile distance.
Jo, Hyeong-Chan 2007. Insect pests occurring in storage medicinal plants. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Sci. 15, 417-428. The most prevalent species infesting of 64 out of 158 medicinal plants in a survey was A. advena.
Jussel, Rud. 1905. Mitteilungen uber die von mir bisher in Schwalbennestern aufgefundenen Parasiten und Hyperparasiten (Reports on the parasites and hyperparasites I have found in swallow nests). Jber. Landesmus Ver. Vorarlberg 42: 21-35. Ahasverus advena was found in house martin (Delichon urbica) nest.
Kałmuk J. and J. Pawłowski 2011. Ahasverus advena (Waltl, 1834). [in:] Głowacińskiz., Okarma H., Pawłowski J., Solarz W. (ed.). Gatunki obce w faunie Polski. I. Przegląd i ocena stanu. Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN, Kraków (Alien species in the fauna of Poland. I. Review and assessment of the status. Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków), 281-282. Ahasverus advena comes from the intertropical area of America, for over 150 years of presence in Central Europe it has acclimatized and occurs in both synanthropic and natural environments.
Kelly, M. P., and K. M. Amos. 1993. The control of insects in export grain by admixture chemicals. HGCA Project Report 69, 25p. Pirimiphos-methyl, etrimfos and chlorpyrifos-methyl kill 100% Ahasverus advena within 4 days, except for chlorpyrifos-methyl at 3oC where the time increased to 10 days. Mortality of control for this species was 97% at 5oC and 95% at 7.5oC at 28 days with complete mortality at 5oC within 20 days and at 3oC in about 16 days.
Kiritani, K., Muramatsu, T., and Yoshimura, S. 1959. Fauna of storage pests of South East Asian produce imported into Japan. Osaka Shokubutsu Boeki (Plant Prot.) 7:184-207. (in Japanese with English summary, figures, and tables) Ahasverus advena infestations were detected in 0.9% of oilseed and 0.8% of cereal and cereal products cargos imported into Japan from South East Asia from 1955 to 1957.
Kirk, Vernon M., and Harrie M. Taft. 1970. Beetles Found in Woods Trash during Winter Boll Weevil Surveys. Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Production Research Report No. 119, 12 p. Ahasverus advena and Ahasverus rectus were both found in wood trash during the winter in South Carolina.
Klejdysz, T., and J. Nawrot. 2010. First Record of Outdoor Occurrence of Stored-Product Coleopterans in Arable Landscapes in Poland. Journal of Plant Protection Research 50: 551–553. A total of 2,869 beetles (Coleoptera) of which 393 (13.7%) are known as stored product pests were collected in Johnson suction traps near a farm, located on the Experimental Station in Winna Góra, Poland (60 km south of Poznań). Four of these were Ahasverus advena.
Klimaszewski, Jan, David W. Langor, H.E. James Hammond, Georges Pelletier, Yves Bousquet, Caroline Bourdon, Reginald P. Webster, Lech Borowiec, Geoff G.E. Scudder & Christopher G. Majka 2015. Synopsis of adventive species of Coleoptera (Insecta) recorded from Canada. Part 3: Cucujoidea. Pensoft Series Faunistica No 113, Sofia, Bulgaria. A. advena was first recorded in Quebec in 1860, in Ontario in 1930, in Alberta in 1942, in British Columbia in 1949.
Kraatz, Gustav 1862. Ueber die Silvaniden – Gattungen AeraphilusRedtb. und CathartusReiche und über LeucohimatiumRosenh. (On the Silvanid genera Aeraphilus Redtb. and Cathartus Reiche and on Leucohimatium Rosenh.) Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 6: 127–134. Ahasverus advena lives in rice and was at least first spread over northern Europa with it.
Kučerová, Z., Aulický, R. and Stejskal, V. 2003. Accumulation of pest-arthropods in grain residues found in an empty store. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 110: 499-504. Very few Ahasverus advena were found in grain residues in empty hanger storage during first to fifth week after unloading wheat during Spring of 2002 in Czech Republic.
Kučerowa Z., Aulický R., Stejskal V. 2005. Outdoor occurrence of stored-product pests (Coleoptera) in the vicinity of grain store. Plant Protect. Sci. 41: 86–89. Food bait traps were picked up monthly for 6 months beginning mid-March. Fewer than a mean of 1 Ahasverus per 5 traps were captured during the mid-March to Mid-April trapping period only. Despite chemical control implemented inside the store, A. advena survived outside till the new crop was put into storage.
LaHue, D. W. 1975. Angoumois grain moth: Chemical control of infestation in shelled corn. J. Econ. Entomol. 68, 769-771. Endemic populations of A. advena were present in stored shelled corn.
LaHue, Delmon W. 1977. Grain Protectants for Seed Corn: Field Test. Journal of Economic Entomology 70(6): 720-722. Small endemic population Ahasverus advena in seed corn.
Laiton J., L. A., Constantino, L. M., and Benavides Machado, P. 2018. Capacidad depredadora de Cathartus quadricollis y Ahasverus advena(Coleoptera: Silvanidae) sobre Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en laboratorio (Predatory capacity of Cathartus quadricollis and Ahasverus advena (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) on Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the laboratory). Revista Colombiana de Entomología, 44(2), 200–205. Ahasverus advena adults and larvae significantly decreased Hypothenemus hampei by up to 63.2 % and 42.3 %, respectively, in the laboratory.
Larson, Zeb, Bhadriraju Subramanyam, and Tim Herrman. 2008. Stored-product insects associated with eight feed mills in the Midwestern United States. Journal of economic entomology 101(3): 998-1005. Ahasverus advena were caught in pitfall or sticky traps in all 20 feed mills with 58 in receiving, 629 in mill interior, 12 in load out and 157 on mill exterior.
LeConte, J.L. 1854. Synopsis of the Cucujides of the United States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 7, 73–79. A. advena was found in US in 1854.
Legner, E. F., G. S. Olton, R. E. Eastwood, and E. J. Dietrick. 1975. Seasonal density, distribution and interactions of predatory and scavenger arthropods in accumulating poultry wastes in coastal and interior California. Entomophaga 20: 269-283. Ahasverus advena present in poultry manure in interior but not costal California.
Leos-Martinez, J. 1991. Monitoring of storage insects in northeast Mexico by food packets and pheromone traps. Pages 1391-1400 in Proc. 5th Intern. Work. Conf. Stored-Prod. Entomol., F. Fluerat-Lessard and P. Ducom, Eds. Imprimerie Médocaine, Blanquefort Cedex, France. Totals of 25 and 55 adult Ahasverus advena were collected in food bait traps over 30 to 45 days from 20.4% of 44 farms in Nuevo Leon and 30.1% of 53 farms in Tamaulipas.
Limonta, L., S. Savoldelli, L. Süss and D. P. Locatelli 2016. Pest Detected In Packed Food: Ten Years Of Analysis. Italian Journal of Food Science 28: 440-447. Presence of Ahasverus advena in cocoa beans revealed the presence of molds.
Liscombe, E. A., and F. L. Watters. 1962. Insect and mite infestations in empty granaries in the prairie provinces. Canadian Entomologist 94(4): 433–441. Ahasverus advena were found in grain residues in 21% of empty granaries with a maximum of 3 insects per granary.
Löding H. P. 1945. Catalogue of the beetles of Alabama. Geological Survey Alabama Monograph, University of Alabama11, l-172. Ahasverus advena found all over Alabama and Ahasverus rectus found Auburn, Lee county infesting corn.
Loschiavo, S. R.; Atkinson, J. M. 1967. A trap for the detection and recovery of insects in stored grain. Canadian Entomol. 99, 1160-1163. Over 9200 C. ferrugineus and A. advena were caught in probe trap place near hotspot.
Loschiavo, S. R., and G. T. Okumura. 1979. A survey of stored product insects in Hawaii. Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society 13(1): 95-118. Ahasverus advena recorded 5 times during survey.
Lucas, H. 1849. Exploration scientifique de l’Algerie. Sciences physiques. Zoologie. II. Insectes. 590 p. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, France. Found Ahasverus advena under cork-oak bark in North Africa.
Madrid, F. J., N. D. G. White, and S. R. Loschiavo. 1990. Insects in stored cereals, and their association with farming practices in southern Manitoba. The Canadian Entomologist 122(3): 515-523. Ahasverus advena were caught in probe traps in 9% farm granaries with maximum of 15 insects per trap in fall 1986, in 7% of granaries with maximum of 1 insect per trap in summer of 1987 and in 46% of granaries with maximum of 100 insects per trap. A. advena were more common in granaries with aeration.
Majka, C. 2008. The flat bark beetles (Coleoptera, Silvanidae, Cucujidae, Laemophloeidae) of Atlantic Canada. ZooKeys 2, 221-238. A. advena distribution in Atlantic provinces includes 2 records in Nova Scotia (introduced 1986), and 1 record Prince Edward Island (introduced 1984).
Mansbridge, G. H. 1936. A Note on the Resistance to prolonged Cold of some Insect Pests of Stored Products. Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. London (A) 11: 83-86. Ahasverus advena did not survive English winter in unheated building.
Meyer, Robert W. 1977. Insects and Other Arthropods of Economic Importance in Indiana During 1977. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 87: 265-272. Nine extension calls were received for Ahasverus advena.
Mason, L. 2018. Forgein grain beetle Ahsverus advena (Waltl.). E-232-W Purdue University Entension Entomology https://extension.entm.purdue.edu/publications/E-232/E-232.html
Meyer, Robert W. 1978. Insects and other arthropods of economic importance in Indiana during 1978. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 88: 194-199. Ahasverus advena remains high on the list of pests most commonly noted by pest control professionals.
Miłkowski M., Ruta R., Grzywocz J., Tatur-Dytkowski J., Greń C., Komosiński K., Królik R., Lasoń A., and Szołtys H. 2019. Nowe dane o występowaniu spichrzelowatych (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) w Polsce (New distributional data on the Silvanidae (Coleoptera) in Poland). Wiadomości Entomologiczne 38(2): 91-115. Ahasverus advena reported from apartments, compost, fish bait trap (dry meadow, lawn, pine forest), fruiting body of Polyporus squamosus on a dead elm and rotting hay.
Moermans, R., H. Casteels, and Piet Van Hecke. 1998. Evolution of cacao-pests over a six year period. Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde, Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz 71: 149-151. A total of 6882 Ahasverus advena were found in 229 cocoa bean samples between 1991 and 1996 decreasing from 85 to 58% of all insects in samples.
Morrison, A. A. 2008. Feasibility of Delaying Pecan Budbreak and Examining Insects Associated with Stored Pecans in Oklahoma and Texas. PhD diss., Oklahoma State University. A total of 49 A. advena (range 2-17 per pecan storage facility at 6 out of 8 facilities) were caught in traps at six storage facilities in Oklahoma and two in Texas between November 2006 and November 2007.
Nakao, Shun-ichi, Asako Yamaguchi, Naoki Ohama, Naoyuki Otsu, and Ziro Yoshizuka. 1970. Ecological Studies on Pest Insects which Infest Confectionery in Fukuoka Prefecture. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 11: S17-S22. A total of 201 Ahasverus advena were trapped in food bait (crushed almond, crushed peanut, small pieces of milk chocolate and small pieces of biscuit) during a short time period in only one of 10 facilities storing and marketing food.
Nansen, Christian, Thomas W. Phillips, and Michael W. Palmer. 2004. Analysis of the insect community in a stored-maize facility. Ecological Research 19: 197-207. Probe trap catches near the surface (0-30 cm) and deeper (30-60 cm) in a flat storage of maize dried to 12-14% moisture content both had a mean of 0.12 adult Ahasverus advena.
Nelson, J.M. 1968. Parasites and symbionts of nests of Polistes wasps. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 61: 1528–1539. Ahasverus advena reared from 5 Polistes annularis and 1 Polistes exclamans nests. The nests were collected in different areas and the records indicate that the presence of the beetle is not unique or accidental. Adult beetles appeared in the nests from Sept. 29 to Dec. 14.
Odegaard, F., and B. A. Tommeras. 2000. Compost Heaps – Refuges and Stepping-Stones for Alien Arthropod Species in Northern Europe. Diversity and Distributions 6: 45–59. Ahasverus advena were typically first introduced to southern or middle Europe, and were thereafter discovered in Denmark (1974) and Sweden (1972) and eventually in Finland (1980) and Norway.
Okobi, A. O. A 1978. Study of the Effect of 5 Months Storage on Bagged Cocoa in a 1,250 Ton Stack. Report Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute 1975-76, Technical Report No. 1, 13–15. Numbers of A. advena captured in suction traps operated between 16.00 and 21.00 hours every fourth night in shed at Ikeja, Nigeria with 1,250 ton stack of bagged cocoa were 53 in first trapping in February and 1 to 9 in subsequent trappings.
Olsen, A. R. 1981. List of stored-product insects found in imported foods entering United States at Southern California ports. Bull. Entomol. Soc. Am. 27:18-20. Ten commodities imported from 9 countries were infested by Ahasverus advena and with some commodities infested by A. advena on more than one occasion, there were a total of 19 interceptions between October 30, 1978 and September 30, 1979.
O’Mahony, E. 1950. Irish Records of Introduced Coleoptera. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 86: 72-73. In Dublin and Belfast, cargo of prunes from the Argentine which had come via Lisbon was infested by Ahasverus advena as well as Oryzaephilus mercator.
Osmun, John V. 1954. Protection of stored shelled Corn with a Protectant Dust in Indiana. Journal of Economic Entomology 47(3): 462-465. Ahasverus advena was the least prevalent of the five most prevalent species.
Ostrauskas, Henrikas, and Loreta Taluntytë. 2004. Insects of stored plant products in Lithuania. Ekologija 4: 50-57. Ahasverus advena found for first time on maize imported to Lithuania between 1997–2000 from Ukraine.
Ouellette, Gary D. 2018. Intercepted Silvanidae [Insecta: Coleoptera] From The International Falls, MN [USA] Port-Of-Entry. The Great Lakes Entomologist 51(1): 5-9. The second most common species, Ahasverus advena, comprised 41.6% (n = 32) of 75 interception records for imported cargo International Falls, MN port-of-entry. Totals of 52 A. advena from 24 Chinese cargos, 1 from 1 Malaysian cargos, 2 from 2 Philippine cargos, 3 from 2 South Korean cargos, 1 from 1 Taiwanese cargo, and 2 from 2 Vietnamese cargos, most crawling on pallets and shipping container floors. The majority of the cargos were automobile parts and metal products (48 out of 77 interceptions) and other similar products, so A. advena must have been from an infestation of a previous food cargo.
Özder, Nihal. 1998. Investigation of insect pests of stored sunflower seeds in Tekirdağ. Turkish Journal of Entomology 22(2): 143-148. Ahasverus advena infests sunflowers in Turkey.
Pacavira, R., O. Mata, A. Manuel, A. P. Pereira, and A. Mexia. 2006. Detection of stored products pests by pheromone traps in seven warehouses in Luanda/Angola. In Proceedings, 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, pp. 15-18. Ahasverus advena were found in the seven warehouses in in Luanda, Angola storing sugar, rice, rice flour, maize flour, wheat flour, beans and pasta.
Palm, T. 1979. The beetle fauna in compost heaps near Uppsala. Entomologisk Tidskrift 100(1): 33-36. Ahasverus advena is most common outdoor species in warm part of grass composts.
Pannkuk, Bery 2010. Misidentification Means Money. Pest Control Technology 38(11): 68,72. An infestation of Ahasverus advena initially misidentified as Tribolium castaneum cost a company in excess of $2 million to eliminate.
Parasian, Franciskus, Y. Andi Trisyono, and Edhi Martono. 2018. Resistance of Ahasverus Advena and Cryptolestes Ferrugineus to Phosphine on Imported Cocoa Beans from Cameroon, Ivory Coast, and Dominican Republic. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia/ Journal of Plant Protection Indonesia 22(2): 173–80. Populations of Ahasverus advena originating from Ivory Coast, Dominican Republic, and Bandung were susceptible to phosphine.
Pellitteri, P., and Boush, M. 1983. Stored-product insect pests in feed mills in southern Wisconsin. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 7: 103-112. A total of 755 Ahasverus advena were collected in all 20 feed mills in 1975 and a total of 185 A. advena were collected in 17 out of 18 feed mills in 1976 by taking a 250 ml sample of whole grain corn, oats, grain dust and spilled feed from each feed mill and trapping 8 times biweekly from June to August.
Pereira, P. R. V. S., F. A. Lazzari, S. M.N. Lazzari and A. A. Almeida 1994. Comparison between two methods of insect sampling in stored wheat. p. 17-23. In Proceedings 6th International Working Conference on Stored-Product Protection. Total numbers of A. advena, % of sample in which they occur and A. advena as % of all species found differed between probe traps ( 25, 9.2%, 0.12%) and grain samples (53, 5.8%, 4.0%).
Perez, L.M., Moore, P.J., Abney, M.R., Toews, M.D. 2020. Species composition, temporal abundance and distribution of insect captures inside and outside commercial peanut shelling facilities. Insects 11, 110. Totals of 53 and 166 Ahasverus advena were captured in dome traps inside 2 peanut shelling plants in southeastern US. Flight traps captured 1 adult inside and 6 adults outside one of shelling plants.
Perez-Mendoza, Joel, Paul W. Flinn, James F. Campbell, David W. Hagstrum, and James E. Throne. 2004. Detection of stored-grain insect infestation in wheat transported in railroad hopper-cars. Journal of Economic Entomology 97(4): 1474-1483. Small numbers of Ahasverus advena were found in wheat samples from 4.2% railroad hopper-car compartments.
Pfeiffer, D. G., and R. C. Axtell. 1980. Coleoptera of poultry manure in caged layer houses in North Carolina. Environ. Entomol. 9:21–28. A total of 470 Ahasverus advena were found in 1049 manure samples (1.9-2.5 liter each) during Apr.-Nov., 1977.
Pierce, A. M., H. D. Pierce Jr, J. H. Borden and A. C. Oehlschlager 1991a. Fungal volatiles: semiochemicals for stored product beetles (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 17: 581-597. Ahasverus advena had the lowest threshold for positive response at the 10-ng dose of racemic 3-octanol and was positively attracted over the largest range of doses of l000-fold compared with other Cucujidae. Ahasverus advena also responded positively to corresponding saturated ketone, 3-octanone but with a response threshold of 100 ng. Positive attraction 3-Methylbutanol extended to the 10- µg dose for A. advena. Positive responses to the alcohols and ketones in this study suggest that some of these volatiles might be used by the cucujids as host-finding kairomones in nature. Ahasverus advena are excellent climbers of glass.
Pierce, A. M., H. D. Pierce Jr, A. C. Oehlschlager and J. H. Borden. 1991b. 1-Octen-3-ol, attractive semiochemical for foreign grain beetle, Ahasverus advena (Waltl) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). Journal of chemical ecology 17(3): 567-580. Individuals of both sexes of Ahasverus advena produce an aggregation pheromone attractive to both sexes. Weekly production rates of 1-octen-3-ol by males were at least four times greater than those of females. Both racemic and chiral 1-octen-3-ols were good attractants for mixed-sex adults. 1-Octen-3-ol was not produced in significant amounts by mixed- or single-sex beetles until four to six weeks posteclosion. Production at all population densities continued for 11 weeks. Male and female A. advena produced small amounts of three additional alcohols, (Z)-2-octenol, 1-nonanol, and (Z)-3-nonenol, when production of l-octen-3-ol was well established.
Pierce, Christopher M. F., Timothy J. Gibbs and Robert D. Waltz. 2005. Insects and other arthropods of economic importance in Indiana in 2004. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 114(2): 105-110. Higher than usual Ahasverus advena activity was found both in stored grains and in new homes this year. New home construction during the wet spring conditions in early 2004 resulted in damp/wet wood becoming enclosed in wall voids and attics, and molds developed.
Potter, Michael F. 1997. Foreign grain beetle – the new house beetle. Kentucky Pest News 787: 5. Ahasverus advena is most active late summer.
Potter, Michael F. 1993, revised 2016. Foreign grain beetle. University of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service Entfact 610. Ahasverus advena is a common pest in Kentucky during mid- to late summer and is often found in tremendous numbers inside buildings. When new homes are molds that develop on damp wood can attract A. advena and they may be associated with moisture from plumbing leaks, condensation problems or poor ventilation.
Prickett, A. J. 1992. Recent Surveys of Post-Harvest Problems in Farm and Commercial Grain Stores in the UK. Brighton Crop Protection Conference: Pest and Diseases 4: 271–280. Ahasverus advena and Typhaea stercorea were either or both found at 17.8% of 157 commercial grain storages and on 21.9% of 742 farms surveyed in UK.
Prickett, A. J., and J. Muggleton 1991. Commercial grain stores 1988/89 England and Wales Part 1 & 2. Pest incidence and storage practice. Home Grown Cereal Authority (HGCA) Research Report No. 29. Ahasverus advena, Typhaea stercorea and 10 Cryptophagus species are generally associated with high moisture, poor hygiene or leaking structures. A. advena were identified from 7.6% of 157 commercial storage facilities (238 storages) and A. advena alone of the three genera occurred in 1.4% of these. The presence of only one of these species occurred less often than expected suggesting that more than one species often occurs when conditions are suitable. Managers consider A. advena most significant potential pest at 5 locations (3.3%).
Quinlan, J. K. 1967. Effects of temperature on insect populations in aerated and nonaerated stored shelled corn. MS thesis, Kansas State University. In Illinois, this species was 2.4 to 55.9% of all insects in shelled corn samples from aerated bins from August to December with highest percentages in August and October. In nonaerated bins, percentages ranged from 6.1 to 10.2 in November and December.
Ratti, Enrico and Gianluca Nardi 2011. Silvanidae, Cucujidae e Laemophloeidae di Sardegna: catalogo provvisorio ( Coleoptera: Cucujoidea). conservazione habitat invertebrati (Silvanidae, Cucujidae and Laemophloeidae of Sardinia: provisional catalogue (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea). habitat conservation invertebrates). 5: 461–492. Ahasverus advena has been acclimatized in Europe (Bulgaria, Greece, Israel, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Russia, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia) probably for some centuries; in Italy it is present from sea level up to about 1000 m of altitude, but it prevails in coastal and plain areas in both anthropic environments (mills, warehouses, houses, etc.) on foodstuffs of vegetal origin (especially if moldy) and outdoors, mostly in vegetal debris, compost, and rarely under bark.
Reed, C.R., Wright, V.F., Mize, T.W., Pedersen, J.R., Brockschmidt Evans, J., 1991. Pitfall traps and grain samples as indicators of insects in farm-stored wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology 84: 1381–1387. Ahasverus advena is often found in wheat immediately after harvest in Kansas.
Reitter, Edmund 1876. Die Arten der Gattung CathartusReiche (The species of the genus Cathartus Reiche). Coleoptera Hefte/Col. Booklet15: 125-130. Ahasverus advena is distributed throughout the world, and seems to be nowhere rare, living mainly in rice. Reports A. advena in a box of Havana cigars in Munich. Ahasverus excisus (n. sp.) is slightly smaller than Ahasverus advena was also found in the box of Havana cigars in Munich.
Richmond, E. Avery 1968. A supplement to the fauna and flora of Horn Island, Mississippi. Gulf and Caribbean Research 2(3): 213-254. Ahasverus rectus is present on Horn Island, a barrier island accessable only by boat off Mississippi coast that has been a ranch, military base and currently a wildlife refuge.
Riley, J. 1957. A Survey of the Build-up of Infestation in Bagged Cocoa Beans in Store in Western Nigeria. Bulletin of Entomological Research 48(1): 75–78. Ahasverus advena was caught on 30 sticky broom strands hung vertically around bag stack but A. advena adult is too small to make a reliable count.
Roach, Alison 1999. Pest Risk Analysis of a Proposal for the Importation of Feed Grain Maize (Zea Mays) from the USA. Ahsverus advena present and non-quarantine in Australia. May be overlooked because of small size. https://www.agriculture.gov.au/sites/default/files/sitecollectiondocuments/ba/memos/1999/plant/TWGP_1.pdf
Roesli, Rennie, Bhadriraju Subramanyam, James F. Campbell and Kim Kemp 2003a. Stored-product insects associated with a retail pet store chain in Kansas. Journal of Economic Entomology 96(6): 1958-1966. Checking 30 traps per store every 1-3 wk for a total of 7-12 times between February and August 2001, caught one Ahasverus advena in each of 4 out of 8 retail stores.
Roesli, R., Bh. Subramanyam, F. J. Fairchild, and K. C. Behnke. 2003b. Trap catches of stored-product insectsbefore and after heat treatment in a pilot feed mill. J.Stored Prod. Res. 39: 521-540. Traps with food attractant caught 41 Ahaverus advena (0.39% of total catch of all insects) between July 8–December 1, 1999 in feed mill in Kansas. Heat treatment killed 100% of A. advena.
Schliesske, Joachim 2001. Zum Wandel der Transportraum-Entomologie. (On the change of transport space entomology) Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Angewandte Entomologie 13: 149-160. Ahasverus advena was recorded 6 times on 269 ships in 1948 and 4 times on 275 ships in 1949 at St Lawrence River ports of Montreal, Sorel, Three Rivers and Quebec. A. advena found on vegetable imports in the port of Hamburg, Germany between 1991 and 2000, based on 3309 inspections of 170 different types of goods on request after damage or infestation by any of more than 150 insect species had been discovered were 893 for cargos from Africa, 255 for cargos from Central and South America, 1 for cargos from North America, 3 for cargos from Asia, 256 for cargos from Pacific Rim and 50 for cargos from Europe.
Schwitzgebel R. B. and Walkden H. H. 1944. Summer infestation of farm stored grain by migrating insects. Journal of Economic Entomology 37: 21-24. First Ahasverus advena were first trapped from June 10-16 and the last from October 10-22. From September 2-22 more A. advena were captured in ventilator traps in bins with 13% wheat (520 adults) than bins with 11% wheat (106 adults). Tanglefoot coated screens facing bins (17 adults) caught fewer A. advena than those facing away (46 adults). During study a total of 3602 adult A. advena were trapped.
Sedlacek, J. D.; Barney, R. J.; Weston, P. A.; Price, B. D. 1998. Efficacy of malathion against Coleopteran populations in newly-harvested versus year-old stored corn. J. Entomol. Sci. 33, 282-391. During September, temperature was significantly higher in corn treated with malathion but temperature was not significantly correlated with trap catch of A. advena so differences in trap catch among treatments cannot be attributed to differences in temperature. Moisture content increased from an overall average of 9.0 to 10.9% during the storage period. August, moisture content was significantly higher in malathion-treated and 1 -yr-old corn and during September in malathion-treated corn but moisture content was not significantly correlated with trap catch of A. advena. Although A. advena comprised a relatively minor fraction of the beetle population trapped (total = 489 caught) on Kentucky farms, they exhibited population trends similar to those of T. stercorea, (total = 9,632 caught). For A. advena, the interaction between age of grain and sampling date was highly significant with larger adult population in one-year-old corn, untreated than other treatments. The interaction between malathion spray and sampling date was also significant for A. advena with some population growth in August in all treatments except one-year-old, treated corn.
Sedlacek, John D., Paul A. Weston, Bryan D. Price and Patti L. Rattlingourd. 1998. Survey of insect pests in shelled corn stored on-farm in Kentucky. Journal of Entomological Science 33(2): 171-179.Sampling 134 bins on 114 farms in 24 counties, Ahasverus advena were found in 25% of bins in 53% counties in 1989 and 63% of bins in 92% of counties in 1990. An average of 2.8 A. advena per 0.3 liters of shelled corn were found in center of bin and 0.8 A. advena per 0.3 liters of shelled corn near outside edge of bin in 1989 and an average of 16.8 A. advena per 0.3 liters of shelled corn were found in center and 7.2 A. advena per 0.3 liters of shelled corn near outside edge of bin in 1990.
Seidel, M.; Herzig, H. 1982. Zur Qualitatssicherung von Futtergetreide in den Vorrat Lagern der Tierproduktions betriebe unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Kaltbeuftung (On the quality control of feed grains in the storage facilities of the oil production plants with special consideration of cold storage). Nachr.-Bl. Pflanzenschutz DDR 36, 173-175. Combined populations of A. advena and hairy fungus beetle, Typhaea stercorea L. in Stralsund district, Germany increased from being present at 13 out 92 (14.1%) warehouses in 1977 to 9 out 54 (16.7%) in 1981 (Seidel and Herzig 1982). In Rostock district, Germany, these two species of fungus beetles together increased from 9.7% of warehouses in 1975 to 33% in 1981.
Shin, Joong-In and Jong-Seok Park 2024. Two species of Silvanidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea) new to Korea. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 63(3): 155-161. Adults of A. advena were collected by sifting soil, vegetable debris, and corn stem debris on two occasions on Jeju Island, Korea
Shufran, A. A.; Mulder, P. G.; Ree, B.; Shufran, K. A. 2013 Assessing insects at pecan storage facilities in Oklahoma and Texas. Southwestern Entomol. 38(3): 407-416. A total of 49 A. advena (range 2-17 per pecan storage facility at 6 out of 8 facilities) were caught in traps at six storage facilities in Oklahoma and two in Texas between November 2006 and November 2007.
Sinha, R. N. 1961. Insects and Mites Associated with Hot Spots in Farm Stored Grain.Canadian Entomologist 93(8): 609-621. In 3 hotspots in wheat, 2-52 adult and 2-48 larval Ahasverus advena were found and there were 22 adults and 17 larval A. advena in surrounding wheat. In 4 hotspots in oats, 2-69 adult and 2-57 larval Ahasverus advena were found and there were 8 adults and 4 larval A. advena in surrounding oats. No A. advena were found in 11 hotspots in barley.
Sinha, R.N. 1971. Fungus as food for some stored product insects. Journal of Economic Entomology 64: 3-6. Pure cultures of Aspergillus spp. repel most stored grain insects except Ahasverus advena.
Sinha, R. N. 1974. Seasonal abundance of insects and mites in small farm granaries. Environmental Entomology 3(5): 854-862. Ahasverus advena trapped only in heated granaries during May-November.
Sinha, R. N. 1975. Effect of dockage in the infestation of wheat by some stored-product insects. Journal of Economic Entomology 68(5): 699-703. Adult survival of Ahasverus advena reared on a mixture of rolled oats and brewer’s yeast powder was adversely affected by higher dockage levels at 30°C and 33°C but not at 27°C and adverse effect was progressively more pronounced as the dockage was increased. Dockage-free wheat was a more favorable diet for A. advenaunless some natural mortality was responsible for a part of the decline in population in 12 weeks.
Sinha, R. N. and H. A. H. Wallace 1966. Ecology of insect-induced hot spots in stored grain in Western Canada. Research in Population Ecology 8: 107-132. In winter of 1960, Ahasverus advena was first detected in150 g samples of stored oats with hot spot on February 22 (oats 18-38oC), increased by March 7 (oats 29-38oC) and then decreased by March 21 (oats 36-38oC). In second oat bin, A. advena first detected on March 7 (oats 21-29oC) and similar numbers were found on April 11 (oats 18-21oC).
Sinha, R.N.; Watters, F.L. Insect pests of flour mills, grain elevators, and feed mills and their control. Agriculture Canada Publication 1776, Ottawa, Canada, 1985.
Skov, M. N., A. G. Spencer, Birthe Hald, L. Petersen, B. Nauerby, B. Carstensen, and Mogens Madsen. 2004. The role of litter beetles as potential reservoir for Salmonella enterica and thermophilic Campylobacter spp. between broiler flocks. Avian diseases 48(1): 9-18. Ahasverus advena were found in eight poultry houses and can serve as reservoirs for Salmonella Indiana between two consecutive broiler flocks. Wall traps baited with boiled wheat collected almost exclusively A. advena and Typhaea stercorea.
Smith, K. G. 1963. Study of an Insect Population Living on Bagged Groundnuts Stored in Southern Nigeria with Particular Reference to the Behavior of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Col., Dermestidae). Journal of the West African Science Association 8: 44–57. Groundnuts infested with Trogoderma granarium (24 sacks, 2 tons) that had been in storage for 12 months were shipped from Kano, Nigeria by rail in September to Apapa, the port of Lagos with initial moisture content of 6-7%. During the third month of storage in Apapa, the numbers of Ahasverus advena in the outer region increased to 7 adults per 250 ccs groundnut sample from just below the surface of stack as the center of stack dried as result of moisture translocation (center dried to 2% and bottom increased to 8% becoming moldy, caked and rancid as center heated to 40oC). By the middle of the fifth month, A. advena practically extinct even in outer region.
Smith, L.B. and Barker, P.S. 1987. Distribution of Insects Found in Granary Residues in the Canadian Prairies. The Canadian Entomologist, 119(10): 873-880. Ahasverus advena were found in 13 out of 444 grain samples of 1000 to 1500 ml each in Manitoba, 22 out of 762 in Saskatchewan and 1 out of 546 in Alberta between mid-June and mid-August.
Solomon, M. E., and B. E. Adamson. 1955. Powers of Survival of Storage and Domestic Pests Under Winter Conditions in Britain. Bulletin of Entomological Research 46(2): 311-355. His laboratory studies suggest that Ahasverus advena will not survive winter outside. Cites Mansbridge with regard to Ahasverus advena not surviving English winter and Donisthorpe and other unpublished observations of large numbers at bottom of hay stack where they are likely to be warm enough to survive during the winter.
Sousa, Adalberto Hipólito de, Davair Lopes Teixeira Júnior, Josilene Ferreira Rocha, and Lucas Martins Lopes. 2020. Occurrence of Ahasverus advena (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) in corn grains from the city of Plácido de Castro, state of Acre, Brazil. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 87, e0842019. In June 2019, a large infestation by A. advena was observed in a mass of corn grains from the city of Plácido de Castro, in the state of Acre, Brazil for the first time. Recommend to reduce risks of A. advena infestation proper drying of corn grains to about 13% moisture content (wet base), thus preventing the formation of fungal colonies, with which the presence of A. advena is usually associated.
Southwood T. R. E. and Johnson C. G. 1957. Some records of insect flight activity in May, 1954, with particular reference to the massed flights of Coleoptera and Heteroptera from concealed habitats. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 93: 121-126. Ahasverus advena captured in suction trap on May 11 in a field of young winter wheat at Ardington, Berks.
Sserunjogi, M., C. J. Bern, T. J. Brumm, D. E. Maier, and T. W. Phillips. 2024. Mechanical stirring of bulk-stored maize in steel bins to suppress maize weevils and other beetle populations. Journal of Stored Products Research 106, 102281. Stirring process reduced numbers of Ahasverus advena and none were found after 40 day. Vacuum-probed samples from 0, 0.9, 1.8 and 2.7 meters had significantly higher populations of Ahasuerus advena than Typhaea stercorea.
Stanković, A., R. Šovljanșki, T. Stojanović, and V. Kosovac. 1968. Degradation of Malathion Preparations Used For Stored Sunflower Seed Pest Control. Contemporary Agriculture: Savremena Poljoprivreda 15(9-10): 99-105, 309-315. Ahasverus advena populations on sunflower seed prior insecticide application were 12.4, 20.4 and 82 per kg. Mortality of A. advena was 100% with malathion dust with 1% a.s., wettable powder with 25% a.s. and emulsion concentrate with 50% a.s. except for dust (66.7% mortality) and emulsion (88.9% mortality) at surface after 3 days.
Stejskal, V.; Kučerová, Z. 1993 Survey of stored-product pests in rice imported from Vietnam. Ochr. Rostl. 29, 187-191. Sampling bagged rice cargo on ships from Vietnam in Hamburg port in June 1992 yielded 274 A. advena in 23 of 30 half kilogram rice samples, representing 42.2% of all insects found.
Stolzenberg, K. and Wohlgemuth, R. 1992. Development of ultra-violet baited traps for control of Ahasverus advena in poultry farms. Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde Plflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 65, 129–137. Traps with ultraviolet lights were able to catch such a high proportion of Ahasverus advena before they laid their eggs (425 adults caught prior to day 10 of trapping and fewer than 25 adults were caught between day 11 and 24 as estimated from graph) that the development of a breeding population was largely prevented (only 300 adults caught between day 25 and 36 of trapping as estimated from graph).
Storey, C. L., D. B. Sauer, O. Ecker, and D. W. Fulk. 1982.Insect infestations in wheat and corn exported from the United States. Journal of Economic Entomology 75(5): 827-832. Ahasverus found in corn and wheat exported from the United States.
Storey, C. L., D. B. Sauer, and D. Walker. 1983. Insect populations in wheat, corn, and oats stored on the farm. J. Econ. Entomol. 76: 1323-1330. Ahasverus advena infested 0.2% of wheat with average density of 4 per 1000 gram, infested 16% of corn with average density of 21 per 1000 grams. No A. advena were found in oats.
Strong R.G. and G. T. Okumura 1958. Insects and mites associated with stored foods and seeds in California. Bulletin Department of Agriculture State of California 47(3): 233-249. Ahasverus advena were found on 10 commodities in 19 counties in California.
Subramanyam, Bh., and P. K. Harein. 1990. Accuracies and sample sizes associated with estimating densities of adult beetles (Coleoptera) caught in probe traps in stored barley. J. Econ. Entomol. 83: 1102-1109. Trap catch for Ahasverus advena has aggregated spatial distribution in stored barley. Traps near bin wall captured 3.8- to 5.8-fold fewer A. advena.
Subramanyam, Bh, D. W. Hagstrum, and T. C. Schenk. 1993. Sampling adult beetles (Coleoptera) associated with stored grain: comparing detection and mean trap catch efficiency of two types of probe traps. Environmental Entomology 22(1): 33-42. One to 42Ahasverus advena were captured by probe traps in 4 out 5 of three round bins and two flat units storing shelled corn.
Sukardi, Sukardi 1981. The role of light-traps in controlling pests of stored products. p. 189-196. Pests of stored products. Proceedings of BIOTROP Symposium on Pests of Stored Products. Bogor, Indonesia, 24-26 April 1978. Corcyra cephalonica, Tribolium sp., Cryptolestes sp., Ahasverus advena, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzopertha dominica were captured in UV light trap in rice warehouse in Indonesia. Concluded that the trap could be used to monitor infestation and reduce insect populations in warehouses, and that it was best to start using the trap before filling the warehouse with commodities, and to use the trap every night unless the warehouse was empty for long periods.
Suss, L., and D.P. Locatelli. 1981. Contributo Alla Conoscenza Del Regime Alimentari Di Ahasverus Advena (Waltl) (Coleoptera Cucujidae, Silvaninae) (Contribution to the Knowledge of the Diet of Ahasverus advena (Waltl) (Coleoptera Cucujidae, Silvaninae)). Bollettino Di Zoologia Agraria e Di Bachicoltura (Ser. 2) 15: 37–47. Ahasverus advena was able to multiply on 9 different molds of which 8 (Penicillium and Aspergillus spp.) produce aflatoxins.
Thomas, K. P., and S. Clasper. 1986. The toxicity of four organophosphorus pesticides to Ahasverus advena (Waltl)(Col: Silvanidae) and Typhea stercorea (Linn)(Col: Mycetophagidae). International Pest Control 28(4): 102-103. Recent changes in grain trading and export have led to the requirements of nil tolerance levels for grain pest insects. Thus, the mere presence of Ahasverus advena is often sufficient to precipitate rejection of loads with the consequence of financial loss due to returned loads and their subsequent disinfestation. Mortality of Ahasverus advena was 100% at each dose of chlorpyrifos-methyl, etrimfos, methacrifos and pirimiphos-methyl.
Thompson, P.H. 1966. Arthropods from nests of the House Sparrow. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 68(1): 44–48. One Ahasverus advena adult was found in a purple martin house occupied by house sparrows in Madison, Wisconsin.
Throne, James E., and L. Daniel Cline. 1994. Seasonal flight activity and seasonal abundance of selected stored-product Coleoptera around grain storages in South Carolina. 11(4): 321-338. Over 45 weeks most of 8,757 Ahasverus advena was caught in sticky traps above a minimum of 23oC on 3 farms in South Carolina. Most were captured between April and September. Over 64 weeks most of 1, 807 A. advena were caught in food bait traps containing corn above a minimum 12.8oC from late August to late September on same 3 farms. Traps in ventilators first caught A. advena entering bin between 10th and 16th June.
Tigar, B. J., G. E. Key, M. E. Flores, and M. Vazquez 1994. Field and post-maturation infestation of maize by stored product pests in Mexico. Journal of Stored Products Research 30(1): 1-8. Ahasverus advena found in rural stores only in more tropical region of Chiapas out of 5 regions of Mexico using food baits and grain samples.
Toews, M. D.; Campbell, J. F.; Arthur, F. H. 2006a. Temporal dynamics and response to fogging or fumigation of stored-product Coleoptera in a grain processing facility. J. Stored Prod. Res. 42, 480-498.In Kansas, A. advena was captured in 53.7 and 50% of the trapping intervals in warehouse (62 total A. advena) and mill (151 total A. advena).
Toews, Michael D., James F. Campbell, Frank H. Arthur and Sonny B. Ramaswamy 2006b. Outdoor flight activity and immigration of Rhyzopertha dominica into seed wheat warehouses. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 121(1): 73-85. Captures of Ahasverus advena captured on unbaited glue boards around overhead doors peaked in early September (>45 adults per month) and then tapered off through early November. The majority of A. advena were captured near floor (>120 adults per month) and captures decreased with height above the floor. The gaskets significantly decreased the total captures of A. advena from 6 insects/month on the side of the doors without gaskets to 0 insects on the side of the doors with gaskets.
Van Dzuong, Nguyen, and Khuat Dang Long 2020. Food selection of maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky). Academia Journal of Biology 42(2): 35-40. Many Ahasverus advena (264 or 61.7% of all insect species) were trapped with long-rice gain food bait from March-May 2019 inside maize granaries at Mai Son district and Son La province. Ahasverus advena also was trapped with maize (122 or 11.83%) and soybeans (11 or 7.91%) food baits.
Vela-Coiffier, E. L., W. S. Fargo, E. L. Bonjour, G. W. Cuperus, and W. D. Warde. 1997. Immigration of insects into on-farm stored wheat and relationships among trapping methods. Journal of Stored Products Research 33(2): 157-166. Mean number of Ahasverus advena in unbaited traps were 0.42 for flight trap and 6.81 for probe trap and 0.006 in grain samples. Ratio of number of A. advena adults in probe trap compared to number in grain sample was 1, 293:1.
Walkden, H. H. 1951. Farm Storage of Cereal Grains. Milling Production 16 (10): 1, 7, 23–25. Ahasverus advena were 4, 5 and 6% of insect pests found in farm storage in 3 out of 6 years between 1945 and 1950.
Walker, J.J., 1938. Coleoptera in a limited area at Oxford. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 75: 9–11. Ahasverus advena rarely found in manure-heap.
Wanntorp, H. E.; Sjödin, G. 2003. Beetles of the Stockholm area-new records and rediscoveries. Entomologisk Tidskrift 124, 65-72. Formerly a rare arrival in the Stockholm area of Sweden, A. advena is now common in composts and is also found in ferns and on tree fungi.
Watters F. L. 1976. Insects and mites in farm stored grain in the Prairie Provinces. Agric. Can. Pub. 1595. In Canada Ahasverus advena is described as the most common fungus beetle found in the Prairie Provinces.
Watters, F. L., E. A. R. Liscombe and R. N. Sinha 1959. Report on Insects in Stored Grain. Northwestern Miller 261(2): 9A-10A. Grain in hot spots is often infested by Ahasverus advena.
Weston, Paul A., and Robert J. Barney. 1998. Comparison of three trap types for monitoring insect populations in stored grains. Journal of economic entomology 91(6): 1449-1457. Sticky traps located in the headspace of bins of freshly harvested wheat caught Ahasverus advena. Peak in A. advena at >50 per 2 weeks in sticky traps was observed in September of each year which corresponds to the peak in flight activity for this species in Kentucky. The sudden switch in A. advena from sticky traps to probe traps between September and October of both years is a shift in activity from the headspace to the grain mass.
White, Noel D. G., Philip S. Barker and Colin J. Demianyk 1995. Beetles associated with stored grain captured in flight by suction traps in Southern Manitoba. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Manitoba. 51: 1-11. Number of Ahasverus advena caught in suction trap increased from May, June or July to August or September between 1987 and 1993. Highest catches were 50 adults per week in Glenlea and 95 per week in Morden in 1987. In 1991, catch reached 39 per week in Glenlea.
White, N. D. G., and D. S. Jayas 1991. Effects of periodically elevated carbon dioxide on stored-wheat ecosystems at cool temperatures. p. 925-933. In 5th International working conference on stored-product protection, Bordeaux, France, 9-14 Sep 1990
Williams, B.S. 1926. Notes on Coleoptera in the Harpenden District. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 62, 94–96. The occurrence of Ahasverus (Cathartus) advena Waltl out of doors away from warehouses and stored goods is sufficiently unusual to make it worthwhile recording. Mr. Harwood and I found it in heaps of dried cut grass.
Wong Corral, F. J., Cortez Rocha M. 0., Borboa Flores J. and Bustamante Andrade F. 1992. Insect species infesting grain stored in rural communities in the northeast of Sonora, Mexico. Southwestern Entomologist17: 327-331. Ahasverus advena present on maize and wheat in rural community townships of Baviacora, Banamichi and Arizpe in northeast Sonora, Mexico.
Woodroffe, G.E., 1953. An ecological study of the insects and mites in the nests of certain birds in Britain. Bulletin of Entomological Research 44, 739–772. Ahasverus advena was found at only one location in many pigeon nests, probably an incidental inhabitant.
Woodroffe, G. E. 1962. The Status of the Foreign Grain Beetle, Ahasvarus Advena (Waltl) (Col., Silvanidae), as a Pest of Stored Products. Bull. Ent. Res. 53: 537–40.
Yeh, M.Y. 1979. Dissemination of Toxigenic Fungi in Shelled Corn by Ahasverus advena and Tribolium confusum. M.S. Thesis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 71 p. Foreign grain beetle was selected because stored corn in Minnesota is currently heavily infested. A. advena increased 3-fold on seed corn, 11.5-fold on field corn with surface infection and 13.5-fold on field corn without disinfection. A. advena populations increase faster on field corn because of earlier fungi growth and greater number of broken kernels. Tribolium confusum increased 6-fold on seed corn and 9-fold on field corn with or without disinfection. Over 90% of insect population was at the bottom of grain mass. Total incidence of Aspergillus flavus in maize was 3.3% after 16 weeks if it had Ahasverus advena, but the incidence was zero if the maize bulk had no insects. With Penicillum citrinum present at 16 weeks, the total incidence of Aspergillus flavus was 22 times greater in bins with A. advena than in bins with no insects. Antifungal quinones secreted by Tribolium confusum may make growth and development difficult for the fungivore A. advena. Over 50% of both 50 A. advena and 50 T. confusum migrated to the fungi inoculum (artificial hotspot) in center of grain mass immediately after release into the bins of 2,500 grams of seed corn.
Yoshida, T. 2020. Identification of Silvanidae (Coleoptera) intercepted from ports and airports in Japan. Urban Pest Management 10(2): 51-66. Three Ahasverus advena were found on shea nuts imported from Nigeria.
Zhao, X, Wang, D., Fields, P.G., and Li, H. 2018. Effect of aflatoxin B1 on development, survival and fecundity of Ahasverus advena (Waltl). Journal of Stored Products Research77: 225-230. Aflatoxin B1 increased one-day-old larvae developmental time at concentrations as low as 2000 ppm and increased larval mortality at concentration as low as 500 ppm. For one-day old larvae, there was 99% mortality at 8000 ppm. The total number of offspring declined to 38 offspring at 4000 ppm aflatoxin B1 compared with 151 offspring in the untreated controls. Ahasverus advena was much less susceptible to aflatoxin B1 by 200-2000 times higher than other insects and other animals.
Zimmerman, M.L. 1987. Identification of Ahasverus advena (Waltl) (Foreign Grain Beetle) and Ahasverus rectus (Leconte) (Coleoptera, Cucujidae) by Micromorphology of Adult Fragments Including Genitalia. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 70 (3): 484–495. Ahasverus rectus is commonly found in the southeast United States, ranging from Illinois and Pennsylvania south to Florida, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, and as far west as Arizona, and currently considered a widespread field pest that can infest stored products and be confused with Ahasverus advena. Ahasverus rectus has at times been the most prevalent beetle collected in UV light traps in Florida and is especially abundant in grass clippings, in old squares of sod, and in grass tuffs around sandy areas. This species has been captured in pitfall traps located in an orange grove.
Zimmerman, M. L. 1990. Coleoptera found in imported stored-food products entering Southern California and Arizona between December 1984 through December 1987. Coleopterists Bulletin 44: 235-240. Twenty-four commodities imported from 9 countries were infested by Ahasverus advena and with some commodities infested by A. advena on more than one occasion, there were a total of 61 interceptions from December 1984 to December 1987.
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