Natural enemies (parasitoids and predators) have frequently been found to be associated with pests in a wide variety field studies on stored product insects and mites as shown by the following 176 studies (one in 1897, 4-21/decade between 1911 and 1980, and 18-34/decade between 1981 and 2020) and in a few cases, numbers of natural enemies were sufficient to reduce pest populations. For 38 natural enemy species, natural occurrence has been reported more than 4 times (Table Frequencies of natural occurrences) and 137 species were only reported once with a total of 218 species reported as naturally occurring. Studies differed in the combinations of geographic location, commodity, host species and natural enemy species. In addition to 840 reported occurrences, 1064 associations of natural enemies with commodities have been reported for 169 species (Table Commodity-Natural Enemy Associations).
Hagstrum, D. W., T. Z. Klejdysz, Bh. Subramanyam and J. Nawrot. 2013. Atlas of Stored-Product Insects and Mites. AACC International, St. Paul, Minnesota.
Hagstrum, D. W., and Bh. Subramanyam. 2009. Stored-Product Insect Resource. AACC International, St. Paul, Minnesota.
Other pages on biological control are:
Conservation biological control for stored product insects
Insecticide Resistant Natural Enemies
Natural enemies of Tribolium castaneum
Phthorimaea operculella natural enemies
Trichogramma natural enemies of stored-product insects
References:
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Belda, Consuelo, and Jordi Riudavets 2013. Natural Enemies Associated with Lepidopteran Pests in Food and Feed Processing Companies. Journal of Stored Products Research 53: 54–60. Anisopteromalus calandrae, Cephalonomia waterstoni, Habrobracon hebetor, Venturia canescens
Belton, C. H. 1951. Note on Some Insect Pests in Stored Products. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology 32 (1): 44. Lyctocoris campestris
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Chao, Yung-Chang. 1954. Insects in Grain Elevators at Pullman and Albion, Washington.” Pan-Pacific Entomol. 30: 260–262. Scenopinus fenestralis (Omphrale fenestralis)
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Chittenden, F. H. 1897. Parasites of Flour and Meal Moths (Illustrated). In Some little-known insects affecting stored vegetable products: a collection of articles detailing certain original observations make upon insects of the class. U. S. Bur. Entomol. Bulletin 8 – New Series: 38–43. Anisopteromalus calandrae, Apanteles carpatus, Apanteles ephestiae, Bracon brevicornis, Chremylus elaphus (Chremylus rubiginosus), Exochus mansuetor, Phytomyptera tarsalis (Clausicella tarsalis, Lispidea tarsalis), Habrobracon hebetor, Hemiteles tineae, Limnerium ephestiae, Melanophora roralis, Theocolax elegans (Chaetospila elegans), Theocolax formiciformis, Venturia canescens (Omorga frumentaria)
Cobanoglu, S. 1996. Determination, Distribution and Hosts of Acarina Group Harmful and Useful on Stored Products in the Province of Edirne (Turkey). Turkish Entomol. J. 20: 199–210. Acaropsellina sollers, Blattissocius tarsalis, Cheyletus eruditus, Cheyletus trouessarti, Tyrophagus putrescentiae
Coombs, C. W., and G. E. Woodroffe 1968. Changes in the Arthropod Fauna of an Experimental Bulk of Stored Wheat. Journal of Applied Ecology 5: 563–574. Cheyletus eruditus, Cheyletus trouessarti , Dibrachys cavus, Lariophagus distinguendus, Lyctocoris campestris, Meteorus cespitator, Tyrophagus putrescentiae
Cornes, M. A. 1964. A Revised Listing of the Insects Associated with Stored Products in Nigeria. Ann. Rpt. Nigerian Stored Prod. Res. Instit. Techn. Bull.19: 96–119. Anisopteromalus calandrae, Antrocephalus mitys (Antrocephalus mahensis), Cephalonomia tarsalis, Cerocephala dinoderi, Dinarmus basalis (Dinarmus laticeps), Eupelmus vuilleti (Bruchocida vuilleti), Habrobracon hebetor, Holepyris glabratus (Holepyris hawaiiensis), Holepyris sylvanidis (Rhabdepyris zeae), Exkorynetes analis (Korynetes analis), Lariophagus dstinguendus, Lyctocoris campestris, Necrobia ruficollis, Necrobia rufipes, Peregrinator biannulipes, Plastanoxus munroi, Plastonoxus westwoodi, Reduvius minutus, Thaneroclerus buqueti, Xylocoris flavipes
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Cotton, Richard Thomas, and Newell Emanuel Good 1937. Annotated list of the insects and mites associated with stored grain and cereal products, and of their arthropod parasites and predators. USDA Miscellaneous Publication 258. Acarophenax tribolii, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Aplastomorpha calandrae), Anisopteromalus mollis, Antrocephalus mitys (Antrocephalus aethiopicus, Antrocephalus mahensis), Apanteles araeceri, Apanteles carpatus, Apanteles ephestiae (Apanteles nephoptericis), Bassus hawaiicola, Blattisocius tineivorus (Typhlodromus tineivorus), Bracon brevicornis, Carcinops pumilio (Carcinops quattuordecimstriata), Cephalonomia gallicola (Cephalonomia quadridentate, Cephalonomia xambeui). Cephalonomia hypobori (Cephalonomia nigricornis), Cephalonomia tarsalis (Cephalonomia carinata, Cephalonomia meridionalis), Cephalonomia watersoni, Cerocephala cornigera, Cerocephala dinoderi, Chelifer cancroides, Cheyletus eruditus (Cheyletus seminivorus), Chremylus elaphus (Chremylus rubiginosus), Clausicella floridensis (Epigrimyia floridensis), Cleonymus texanus (Ptinobius texanus), Cryptus ptinivorus, Dendrophilus punctatus, Dibrachys cavus, Dibrachys clisiocampae, Dimachus discolor, Entedon longiventris, Eupelmus cushmani, Eupelmus javae, Eurytoma tylodermatis, Goniozus columbianus, Goniozus emigratus (Perisierola emigrate), Habritys brevicornis, Habrobracon hebetor, Hecabolus sulcatus, Hemiteles museorum, Hemiteles tineae, Holepyris glabratus (Holepyris hawaiiensis), Holepyris sylvanidis (Parepyris sylvanidis, Rhabdepyris zeae), Hypsicera curvator (Metacoelus mansuetor), Korynetes caeruleus (Corynetes coeruleus), Laelius anthrenivorus, Laelius centratus (Laelius trogodermatis), Laemostenus terricola (Aechmites terricola), Lariophagus distinguendus, Leucodesmia nigriventris, Lispe uliginosa (Helina uliginosa), Lyctocoris campestris, Melanophora roralis, Meraporus requisitus, Mesostenus gracilis, Nemeritis caudatula, Orius madeirensis, Pyemotes ventricosus (Pediculoides ventricosus), Philolema javensis (Aximopsis javensis). Philolema tephrosiae (Aximopsis tephrosiae), Phytomyptera tarsalis (Lispidea tarsalis), Plastanoxus chittendeni, Plastonoxus westwoodi, Platyspathius bisignathus (Spathius bisignatus), Pteromalus cerealellae (Habrocytus cerealellae), Pteromalus pyrophilus, Pteromalus tritici, Reduvius personatus, Saprinus semistriatus, Scenopinus fenestralis, Scenopinus glabrifrons, Sclerodermus domesticus, Sclerodermus immigrans, Spathius exarator, Thaneroclerus buqueti (Thaneroclerus girodi), Theocolax elegans (Chaetospila elegans), Theocolax formiciformis (Cephalonomia formiciformis), Tillus notatus, Trichogramma evanescens, Trichogramma minutum,Venturia canescens (Idechthis canescens), Xylocoris cursitans, Zatropis incertus
Davis, R. A. 1947. Notes on stored product pests in Burma and Singapore. Entomologist 29(1005): 36–40. Anisopteromalus calandrae (Aplastomorpha calandrae), Cephalonomia waterstoni, Dinarmus laticeps (Bruchobius laticeps), Habrobracon hebetor, Theocolax elegans (Chaetospila elegans)
Dhaliwal, GS, and GS Battu. 1976. Occurrence of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) in Laboratory Culture of Rhizopertha dominica F. Bulletin of Grain Technology 14(2): 156–157.
Diamond, V. R. 1929. Biology of Nemeritis canescens, A parasite of the Mediterranean flour moth. Entomological Society of Ontario.Annual Report 60: 84–89. Venturia canescens (Nemeritis canescens)
Doane, R. W. 1919. Weevils in Australian wheat in California. Journal of Economic Entomology 12: 309–312. Anisopteromalus calandrae (Mesaporus calandrae)
Dolinski, M. G., W. Hanec, and S. R. Loschiavo 1971. Triticale as a New Host for Stored Grain Insects. The Manitoba Entomologist 5: 54. Cephalonomia waterstoni
Durrant, John Hartley. 1921. Insects Associated with Grain. Roy. Soc. of the Grain Pests (War) Committee 9(4): 33–52. Anisopteromalus calandrae (Aplastomorpha vandinei), Bracon brevicornis, Dinarmus basalis (Bruchobius laticeps), Holepyris sylvanidis (Rhabdepyris zeae), Lariophagus dstinguendus, Lariophagus puncticollis, Necrobia rufipes, Theocolax elegans (Choetospila elegans), Venturia canescens
Dyte, C. E. 1965. Studies on insect infestations in the machinery of three English flour mills in relation to seasonal temperature changes. J. Stored Prod. Res. 1: 129-144. Venturia canescens present all three mills.
El Bolok, M. M., I. I. Ismail, and H. A. Elshabrawy. 1990. Survey and Relative Abundance of Insects Attacking Onion in Field and Store with the Accompanied Natural Enemies at Giza and Assiut Regions. Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor 28(3): 1799–1804. Cheyletus malaccensis, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Xylocoris galactinus
Eliopoulos, P. A., C. G. Athanaaiou, and C. H. Buchelos 2002. Occurrence of Hymeopterous Parasitoids of Stored Product Pests in Greece. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin 25(3): 127–139. Anisopteromalus calandrae, Cephalonomia tarsalis, Cephalonomia waterstoni,Habrobracon (Bracon) hebetor,Heterospilus prosopidis, Holepyris hawaiensis,Holepyris sylvanidis, Lariophagus distinguendus, Pteromalus cerealellae, Theocolax elegans, Venturia canescens
Eliopoulos, P. A., Athanassiou, C. G., Palyvos, N. E., Stathas, G. J., and Buchelos, C. T. 2003. Dominance and frequency of predatory mites in stored products in Greece. Pages 258-262 in: Advances in Stored Product Protection. Proc. 8th.Int. Work. Conf. on Stored Prod. Prot., York, UK. Acarophenax tribolii, Acaropsis docta, Acaropsellina sollers (Acaropsis sollers), Blattisocius keegani, Blattisocius tarsalis, Cheletomorpha lepidopterum, Cheyletus aversor, Cheyletus eruditus, Cheyletus malaccensis, Cheyletus trouessarti, Cunaxa setirostris, Pyemotes ventricosus (Pediculoides ventricosus)
Eliopoulos, P. A., and C. G. Athanassiou 2004. Seasonal Occurrence of Dried Fig Pests and their Parasitoids in a Fig Warehouse in Greece. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin 27(9): 159–171. Cephalonomia tarsalis, Habrobracon hebetor, Holepyris silvanidis, Venturia canescens
El-Sayed, Ferial, and Mona Ghallab. 2007. Survey on mites associated with major insect pests infesting stored grains in Middle Delta. ACARINES: Journal of the Egyptian Society of Acarology 1(1): 29-38. Acaropsellina sollers, Apostigmaeus aegyptiacus, Blattisocius tarsalis, Blattisocius keegani, Cheyletus malaccensis, Cheyletus malayensis, Cheyletus fortis, Cunaxa capreolus, Nodele simplex, Pyemotes ventricosus, Spinibdella bifurcate, Spinibdella depressa
El-Shafie, H.A.F. 2012. List of Arthropod Pests and Their Natural Enemies Identified Worldwide on Date Palm, Phoenix Dactylifera L. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 3(12): 516–524. Habrobracon hebetor, Parasierola swirskiana, Phanerotoma flavitestacea (Phanerotoma ocuralis), Venturia canescens, Xylocoris galactinus
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