Fundamentals of Stored-Product Entomology book included lower temperature threshold (LT) estimates and degree-days (DD) required for egg to adult development of 15 species of stored-product insects. Here we give the following estimates for an additional 51 species of stored-product insects. Imura (1990) calculates estimates for many published studies and Sporleder et al. (2004) summarizes estimates from several published studies. For Sporleder (2004), lower temperature thresholds for egg, larvae and pupae, or egg and larvae-pupae are reported. Clearly, estimates varied between studies. A list published studies using degree day to study stored product insects also is provided.
Harries, F. H. 1937. Some effects of temperature on the development and oviposition of Microbracon hebetor (Say). Ohio J. Sci. 37: 165-171.
Habrobracon hebetor, LT = 12.7oC, DD = 156.7
Imura, O. 1990. Thermal requirements for development of stored-product insects. Tribolium Information Bulletin 30:58-68.
Acanthoscelides obtectus (female), LT = 11.7 oC, DD = 524.6
Acanthoscelides obtectus (male), LT = 11.7 oC,DD = 510.2
Anagasta kuehniella, LT = 8.2 oC, DD = 760.2
Anagasta kuehniella, LT = 7.5 oC, DD = 1392.3
Anagasta kuehniella (fast), LT = 9.1 oC, DD = 762.8
Anagasta kuehniella (slow), LT = 7.1 oC, DD = 1320.1
Anisopteromalus calandrae (female), LT = 16.4 oC, DD = 187.6
Anisopteromalus calandrae (male), LT = 16.3 oC, DD = 177.0
Apomyelois ceratoniae, LT = 10.6 oC, DD = 441.6
Cadra calidella, LT = 15.3 oC, DD = 386.3
Cadra cautella, LT = 12.6 oC, DD = 532.4
Cadra figulilella, LT = 12.4 oC, DD = 691.1
Callosobruchus analis, LT = 16.6 oC,DD = 407.4
Callosobruchus chinensis (female), LT = 11.3 oC,DD = 425.4
Callosobruchus chinensis (female), LT = 10.6 oC,DD = 463.6
Callosobruchus chinensis (female), LT = 10.0 oC,DD = 553.1
Callosobruchus chinensis (female), LT = 9.3 oC,DD = 671.7
Callosobruchus chinensis (male), LT = 11.3 oC,DD = 420.2
Callosobruchus chinensis (male), LT = 10.1 oC,DD = 478.1
Callosobruchus chinensis (male), LT = 10.1 oC,DD = 547.7
Callosobruchus chinensis (male), LT = 9.4 oC,DD = 656.3
Callosobruchus maculates, LT = 14.9 oC,DD = 358.0
Callosobruchus rhodesianus, LT = 13.7 oC,DD = 423.0
Carpophilus hemipterus, LT = 8.6 oC,DD = 566.4
Carpophilus ligneus, LT = 8.5 oC,DD = 640.5
Coelopalorus foveicollis, LT = 15.5 oC,DD = 663.6
Corcyra cephalonica, LT = 14.9 oC, DD = 422.1
Cryptolestes capensis, LT = 11.1 oC,DD = 638.3
Cryptolestes ferrugineus, LT = 15.7 oC,DD = 407.0
Cryptolestes pusilloides, LT = 11.8 oC,DD = 402.4
Cryptolestes pusillus, LT = 14.7 oC,DD = 339.9
Cryptolestes pusillus, LT = 14.6 oC,DD = 499.3
Cryptolestes turcicus, LT = 14.7 oC,DD = 398.4
Cryptolestes ugandae, LT = 14.2 oC,DD = 356.3
Dermestes frischii, LT = 15.2 oC,DD = 541.5
Endrosis sarcitrella, LT = 8.5 oC, DD = 869.6
Ephestia elutella, LT = 10.8 oC, DD = 660.6
Gibbium psylloides, LT = 11.8 oC,DD = 942.0
Habrobracon brevicornis, LT = 16.0 oC,DD = 104.7
Habrobracon hebetor, LT = 10.5 oC,DD = 164.6
Habrobracon hebetor, LT = 10.6 oC,DD = 185.8
Hofmannophila pseudospretella, LT = 6.9 oC, DD = 1551.5
Lasioderma serricorne, LT = 16.2 oC,DD = 411.8
Lasioderma serricorne, LT = 16.3 oC,DD = 453.4
Latheticus oryzae (Ghana), LT = 21.5 oC,DD = 286.6
Latheticus oryzae (Ghana), LT = 20.6 oC,DD = 295.3
Latheticus oryzae (Ghana), LT = 20.7 oC,DD = 296.1
Latheticus oryzae (lab), LT = 20.4 oC,DD = 308.2
Latheticus oryzae (lab), LT = 19.8 oC,DD = 319.4
Latheticus oryzae (lab), LT = 20.5 oC,DD = 326.5
Mezium affine, LT = 11.2 oC,DD = 1140.5
Oryzaephilus acuminatus, LT = 15.4 oC,DD = 357.0
Oryzaephilus mercator, LT = 16.6 oC,DD = 318.9
Oryzaephilus surinamensis, LT = 15.6 oC,DD = 295.0
Oryzaephilus surinamensis, LT = 14.5 oC,DD = 366.2
Palorus laesicollis. LT = 12.5 oC, DD = 680.5
Palorus ratzeburgi, LT = 16.1 oC,DD = 427.3
Palorus subdepressus, LT = 15.6 oC, DD = 572.6
Plodia interpunctella, LT = 12.1 oC, DD = 458.8
Plodia interpunctella, LT = 10.8 oC, DD = 599.5
Prostephanus truncates, LT = 15.1 oC,DD = 403.2
Prostephanus truncatus, LT = 16.2 oC,DD = 416.2
Ptinus pusillus, LT = 16.5 oC,DD = 685.5
Ptinus tectus, LT = 7.5 oC,DD = 818.9
Ptinus tectus, LT = 7.1 oC,DD = 860.2
Rhyzopertha dominica, LT = 17.5 oC,DD = 388.5
Sitophilus granarius, LT = 10.5 oC,DD = 517.6
Sitophilus oryzae, LT = 13.6 oC,DD = 422.1
Sitophilus oryzae, LT = 13.5 oC,DD = 466.7
Sitophilus zeamais, LT = 14.4 oC,DD = 440.0
Stegobium paniceum (female), LT = 13.2 oC,DD = 626.3
Stegobium paniceum (male), LT = 14.5 oC,DD = 556.6
Tribolium anaphe, LT = 16.5 oC, DD = 312.0
Tribolium castaneum, LT = 17.8 oC, DD = 334.0
Tribolium castaneum, LT = 17.9 oC, DD = 415.2
Tribolium confusum, LT = 16.7 oC, DD = 391.1
Tribolium confusum, LT = 16.4 oC, DD = 487.5
Tribolium destructor, LT = 12.6 oC, DD = 755.4
Tribolium freemani, LT = 19.1 oC, DD = 434.2
Tribolium madens, LT = 17.4 oC, DD = 425.7
Trogoderma granarium (female), LT = 13.3 oC,DD = 613.6
Trogoderma granarium (female), LT = 14.2 oC,DD = 687.1
Trogoderma granarium (male), LT = 13.9 oC, DD = 524.7
Trogoderma granarium (male), LT = 13.3 oC,DD = 656.3
Trogoderma versicolor (female), LT = 17.1 oC,DD = 601.9
Trogoderma versicolor (female), LT = 16.7 oC,DD = 726.7
Trogoderma versicolor (male), LT = 17.1 oC,DD = 510.4
Trogoderma versicolor (male), LT = 16.9 oC,DD = 653.8
Typhaea stercorea, LT = 14.5 oC,DD = 393.8
Venturia canescens, LT = 11.4 oC,DD = 358.8
Xylocoris flavipes, LT = 15.5 oC,DD = 231.1
Zabrotes subfasciatus, LT = 15.0 oC,DD = 415.4
Imamura, T., J. Uraichuen, P. Visarathanonth, S. Morimoto and A. Miuanoshita. 2004. Effect of temperature on development of Theocolax elegans (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) parasitizing larvae of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in brown rice. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 39: 497-503.
Lariophagus distinguendus, LT = 11.1 oC, DD = 275
Theocolax elegans, LT = 15.2 oC, DD = 258
James, D. G. and B. Vogele. 2000. Development and survivorship of Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), Carpophilus mutilatus Erichson and Carpophilus humeralis (F.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) over a range of constant temperatures. Australian. J. Entomol. 39: 180-184.
Carpophilis mutilatus, LT = 15.3 oC, DD = 320
Carpophilus humeralis, LT = 15.4 oC, DD = 297.6
Momoi, S. and S. Tanioka. 1982. Notes on the bionomics of Cephalonomia gallicola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Sci. Rept. Fac. Agr. Kobe University 15: 55-61.
Cephalonomia gallicola, LT = 15.3 oC, DD = 255
Smith, L. 1992. Effect of temperature on life history characteristics of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) parasitizing maize weevil larvae in corn kernels. Environ. Entomol. 21: 877-887.
Anisopteromalus calandrae, LT = 16.5 oC, DD = 148.3
Sporleder, M., J. Kroschel, M. R. Guiterrez Quispe and A. Lagnaoui. 2004. A temperature-based simulation model for the potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Environ. Entomol. 33: 477-486.
Phthorimaea operculella, LT = 11 oC, 13.5 oC, 11.8 oC, DD = 338
Phthorimaea operculella, LT = 7.6 oC, 11 oC, 7.8 oC, DD = 468
Phthorimaea operculella, LT = 9.6 oC, 9.3 oC, 8.5 oC, DD = 461.7
Phthorimaea operculella, LT = 11 oC, DD = 390
Phthorimaea operculella, LT = 10 oC, DD = 222.4
Phthorimaea operculella, LT = 11.2 oC, 12.5 oC, DD = 420.9
Utida, S. 1971. Influence of temperature on the number of eggs, mortality and development of several species of bruchid infesting stored beans. Japanese J. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 15: 23-30.
Callosobruchus analis, LT = 16 oC, DD = 342.2
Callosobruchus chinensis, LT = 13.5 oC, DD = 347
Callosobruchus maculates, LT = 17 oC, DD = 294.5
Callosobruchus phaseoli, LT = 12.5 oC, DD = 582
Callosobruchus rhodesianus, LT = 15 oC, DD = 393.8
Zabrotes subfasciatus, LT = 15.5 oC, DD = 388.5
Yamasaki, M. 1982. Biology of a sanitary injurious bethylid wasp Cephalonomia gallicola. Japanese J. Sanitary Zoology 33: 221-226.
Cephalonomia gallicola (female), LT = 15.8 oC, DD = 240.4
Published studies using degree days to study stored product insects:
Ahmad, TR, and MA Ali. 1995. Forecasting Emergence and Flight of Some Ephestia spp (Lep, Pyralidae) Based on Pheromone Trapping and Degree-Day Accumulations. Journal of Applied Entomology-Zeitschrift Fur Angewandte Entomologie 119(9): 611–14.
Basirat, M., and M. R. Mehrnejad. 2005. The Study of Lower Threshold Temperature and Thermal Constant for Two Insect Pests of Stored Nuts Plodia Interpunctella (Lep.: Pyralidae) and Apomyelois Ceratoniae (Lep.: Pyralidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Iran 24: 19–33.
Defilippo, F., A. Grisendi, S. Savoldelli, D. Torri, M. Dottori, and P. Bonilauri. 2019. Effect of Temperature and Diet on Plodia Interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Development with Special Reference to Isomegalen Diagram and Accumulated Degree Days. Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 51(2, 7855): 69–73. Have digital
Gong, Z., J. Wang, W. Xu, Lin Zhao, Wu Yifeng, He Hongwei and Yu Ruohong 2000. Studies on the Development Zero and Effective Accumulated Temperature and the Thermal Constant of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius. Kun Chong zhi shi= Kunchong Zhishi / Entomol. Knowl. 37(5): 285–286. The rate of development of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius for eggs, larvae and pupae, was tested under six constant temperatures ranging from 21deg C to 36deg C. The relationship between the development rates of eggs in 21deg C to 36deg C, larvae in 21deg C to 30deg C and pupae in 21deg C to 33deg C, and temperature were linear forms. The base development temperatures, 15.82, 15.18, 16.0deg C, and the thermal constants, 62.54, 151.06, 102.76 was for eggs, larvae and pupas, were determined using the linear regression method.
Pakyari, H., M. Amir-Maafi, Z. Moghadamfar, and M. Zalucki. 2019. Estimating development and temperature thresholds of Ephestia kuehniella: toward improving a mass production system. Bulletin of entomological research 109(4): 435-442. lower temperature threshold for the immature stages and the thermal constant for E. kuehniella were 9°C and 1111 degree-days (DD) to complete development from egg to newly emerged adult. Information on the threshold temperatures for development and thermal requirements can be utilized to predict E. kuehniella population dynamics and phenology and to evaluate optimal temperature conditions for mass rearing in stored products. Have digital
Olvera-Vargas, Luis Alberto, David Israel Contreras-Medina, and Noe Aguilar-Rivera. 2020. Calculo de Grados Dias de Hypothenemus Hampei a Traves de Imagenes Satelitales (Calculation of Degree Days of Hypothenemus Hampei through Satellite Images). Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agricolas 11(3): 543–554.
Papadopoulou, S. 2001. Definition of the Threshold and Thermal Constant on the Pupal Stage of Lasioderma Serricorne (F.) in Stored Tobacco. Boll. Lab. Entomol. Agric. Filippo Silvestri 57: 123–127.
Papadopoulou, SC. 2004. Experimental Verification of Lasioderma serricorne (F.) Pupa Development Threshold Previously Defined Using the Thermal Constant Equation K=D(T-t).” Journal of Pest Science 77 (3): 137–138.
Papadopoulou, Smaragdi C. 2006. Definition of timing in the control of the 1st generation Lasioderma serricorne adults, inside tobacco stores, based on the development of the oocytes. Entomologia Hellenica 16: 37-43.
Ryoo, M. I., K. J. Cho, and C. K. Yoo. 1988. Life Table Statistics of the Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on the Degree-Day Scale. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 27(1): 14–20.
Sanderson, J. P., M. M. Barnes, and W. S. Seaman. 1989. Synthesis and Validation of a Degree-Day Model for Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Development in California Almond Orchards. Environmental Entomology 18: 612–617.
Sanderson, John Philip. 1986. Synthesis of a Thermal Summation Model for the Development of the Navel Orangeworm on Almonds in California (Degree-Day, Amyelois transitella, Pyralidae, Lepidoptera). PhD diss., University of California, Riverside.
Sporleder, M., J. Kroschel, M. R. Guiterrez Quispe, and A. Lagnaoui. 2004. A Temperature-Based Simulation Model for the Potato Tuberworm, Phthorimaea Operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Environ. Entomol. 33 : 477–486.
storedproductinsects 