Life Histories of Stored-Product Insects and Mites

Life histories are important to pest management because they determine the rate of population growth. Development times of immature insects or mites determine how soon adults reproduce. Immature mortality determines how many insects or mites will reproduce. Longevity determines reproductive life of adults. The number of offspring determines the future population size.

“Insects that feed directly on a commodity, especially seeds and products made from them, are often divided into primary pests – insects that can attack intact seeds and secondary pests that require the commodity to be damaged before they attack. In reality the situation is more complex. Each pest species requires its own level of damage before it is able to successfully breed on a commodity.” (Rees 2004). “In reality, grain never enters storage totally undamaged. Grain accumulates damage such as chipped seed coats as a result of harvesting, handling, transporting, cleaning and drying. Such damage increasingly allows attack by secondary pests such as Tribolium spp., Oryzaephilus spp., Cryptolestes spp. and psocid Liposcelis spp. Damage previously caused by preharvest pests will also assist secondary pests.”

Internal feeding Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais and Sitotroga cerealellae are considered primary pests that infest undamaged grain. The moths Cadra cautella, Ephestia elutella, Plodia interpunctella and the beetles Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum are often considered to be secondary pest infesting grain only after it has been damaged by primary pests. However, these pests can also be primary pests when the seed coat of grain is damaged during combine harvesting. Howe (1973) indicated that the term secondary pests was initiated when grain was hand harvested and there was little mechanical damage, and Fleming (1988) and Mignon et al. (1996) indicated that Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Tribolium castaneum infesting mechanically harvested wheat are primary pests.

Microscopic examination of wheat in Australia revealed 60.6% undamaged grains, 15.2% with cracked seed coat but germ not exposed and 24.2% with broken seed coat exposing the germ (White 1982). Tuff and Telford (1964) and Rilett (1949) found that in North America 50% of kernels of commercially combined wheat can have microscopic seed coat damage compared to approximately 1% in hand-threshed allowing Cryptolestes ferrugineus to readily feed within germ of wheat making this species a primary as well as secondary pests. Chen et al. (2020) review mechanisms of grain damage during harvesting and handling. White (1982) says that “Survival and development would not be significantly affected by a practicable reduction in the current level of grain damage in mechanically harvested wheat.” Pupation within germ may be important in avoiding cannibalism by larvae and population growth was higher on whole rye or wheat than on ground (Rilett 1949). Karunakaran et al. (2004a) detected larvae, pupae and adults of this species within the germ of wheat using x-ray.

Cracks in the seed coat can result in Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Tribolium confusum being primary pests of wheat (Fraenkel and Blewett 1943). Surtees (1963) found that Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Tribolium castaneum adults feed primarily on the germ of wheat. An average of 3.1-4.3 germ were eaten by a Tribolium castaneum larva, significantly more germs were attacked at 60-65% r.h. than at 40-45% r.h. (White and Lambkin 1988) and a larva can consume entire wheat germ and part of endosperm during development (Karunakaran et al. 2004b). Life tables show that these cracks in seed coat from harvesting can result in T. castaneum being a primary pest (Lhaloui et al. 1988).

First and second instar Ephestia elutella usually feed curled up in wheat embryo and in food such as peanuts, beans, cacao beans they can fully develop feeding on one seed (Waloff and Richards 1946). Larva feed on a mean 47.71 + 1.04 wheat embryos during development (Richards and Waloff 1946). Plodia interpunctella prefer damaged sunflower seeds feeding primarily on the germ, but they can infest undamaged seeds as well (Gvozdenac et al. 2018). Karunakaran et al. (2003) detected larval feeding damage to wheat using x-ray. Mookherjee and Khanna (1971) estimated average damage to wheat by germ feeders as 12.28 embryos for Cadra cautella, and 1.5 embryos for Tribolium castaneum with damage not visible with naked eye averaging 21.11 embryos. Similar studies may show that many other secondary pests can also be primary pests. Rumbos et al. (2000) said that Alphitobius diaperinus can infest sound grains and be a primary colonizer.

“Fundamentals of Stored-Product Entomology” gave citations for the developmental times of 54 species of stored-product over a range of temperatures and “A review of stored-product entomology information sources” gave citations for the developmental times of an additional 52 species of stored-product insects. The “Stored-Product Insect Resource” and “Atlas of Stored-Product Insects and Mites” gave citations for life histories of an additional 44 insect and 56 mite species. Many of the cited publications reported insect or mite developmental times over a range of temperatures. Citations for the life histories of 44 more stored-product insect or mite species and additional citations for some of the 204 species from previous publications are included below. Sometimes work on number of offspring produced are published separately from work on developmental time so some citations on the effect of temperature on the number of offspring are included. Natural enemies in lists are marked with an asterisk. Some cited publications include immature mortality and adult longevity. Several publications have brief life histories, bibliographies or reviews of stored-product insects.

Primary and Secondary Pests

Chen, Zhengpu, Carl Wassgren, and Kingsly Ambrose. 2020. A review of grain kernel damage: Mechanisms, modeling, and testing procedures. Transactions of the ASABE 63(2): 455-475.

Fleming, D. A. 1998. The influence of wheat kernel damage upon the development and productivity of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 24: 233–236.

Fraenkel, G. and M. Blewett. 1943. The natural foods and the food requirements of several species of stored products insects. Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 93: 457-490.

Gvozdenac, Sonja M., Dejan M. Prvulović, Mirjana N. Radovanović, Jelena S. Ovuka, Vladimir J. Mikli, Jelena M. Acanski, Snezana T. Tanaskovi, and Filip N. Vukajlović. 2018. Life History of Plodia interpunctella Hübner on Sunflower Seeds: Effects of Seed Qualitative Traits and the Initial Seed Damage. Journal of Stored Products Research 79: 89–97.

Howe, R. W. 1973. Loss of viability of seed in storage attributable to infestations of insects and mites. Seed Science and Technology 1(3): 563–586.

Karunakaran, C., DS Jayas, and NDG White. 2003. Soft X-Ray Image Analysis to Detect Wheat Kernels Damaged by Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae). Sciences Des Aliments 23(5–6): 623–631.

Karunakaran, C., D.S. Jayas and N.D.G.White 2004a. Detection of infestations by Cryptolestes ferrugineus inside wheat kernels using a soft X-ray method. Canadian Biosystems Engineering 46: 7.1–7.9.

Karunakaran, C., D. S. Jayas, and N. D. G. White. 2004b. Identification of wheat kernels damaged by the red flour beetle using X-ray images. Biosystems Engineering 87(3): 267-274.

Lhaloui, S., DW Hagstrum, DL Keith, TO Holtzer, and HJ Ball. 1988. Combined Influence of Temperature and Moisture on Red Flour Beetle (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) Reproduction on Whole Grain Wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology 81(2): 488–489.

Mignon, Jacques, Eric Haubruge, Valérie Lienard, Charles Gaspar, and Georges Lognay. 1996. Mortality in Oryzaephilus surinamensis following short-term exposure to conditioned kernels by high-density culture. Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80(3): 555-557.

Mookherjee P. B. and Khanna S. C. 1971. Estimates of damage to wheat by germ feeders. Entomologists Newsletter 1: 31.

Rees, D. 2004. Insects of stored products. CSIRO publishing, Collingwood, Australia.

Richards, Owain Westmacott, and Nadia Waloff. 1946. Study of a Population of Ephestia elutella Hubner (Lep., Phycitidae) Living on Bulk Grain. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 97(11): 253–298.

Rilett, R.O. 1949. The biology of Laemophloeus ferrugineus (Steph.). Can. J. Res. 27: 112-148.

Rumbos, C. I., I. Pantazis, and C. G. Athanassiou. 2020. Population growth of Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on various commodities. J. Econ. Entomol. 113: 1001–1007.

Surtees, G. 1963. Site of damage to whole wheat grains by five species of stored-products beetle. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 99: 178–181.

Tuff. D.W. and H.S. Telford. 1964. Wheat fracturing as affecting infestation by Cryptolestes ferrugineus. J. Econ. Entomol. 57(4):513-516.

Waloff, N., and O. W. Richards. 1946. Observations on the Behaviour of Ephestia eutella Hubner (Lepidoptera, Pycitidae Breeding on Bulk Grain. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 97(12): 299–335.

White, G.G. 1982. The effect of grain damage on development in wheat of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 18: 115-119.

White, G. G. and T. A. Lambkin 1988. Damage to wheat grain by larvae of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of stored products research 24(2): 61-65.

Brief Life Histories

Anonymous 1978. Stored-grain insects. USDA Handbook 500.

Arbogast, R. T. 1991b. Beetles: Coleoptera. Pages 131-176 in: J. R. Gorham (ed.). Ecology and Management of Food-Industry Pests, Assoc. Official Analytical Chem., Arlington, Virginia.

Boczek, Ian. 1991. Mites in stored food. p. 57-79. In J. R. Gorham [ed.] Ecology and Management of Food-Industry Pests, Assoc. Official Analytical Chem., Arlington, Virginia.

Campbell, J. M. 1989. Canadian beetles (Coleoptera) injurious to crops, ornamentals, stored products and buildings. Agric. Can. Publ. 1826, Ottawa, Ontario.

Cox, P. D. and C. H. Bell. 1991. Biology and ecology of moth pests of stored foods. p. 181-193. In J. R. Gorham [ed.] Ecology and Management of Food-Industry Pests, Assoc. Official Analytical Chem., Arlington, Virginia.

Hedges, S.A. and M.S. Lacey. 1996a. PCT Field Guide for the Management of Structure-Infesting Beetles, Vol. I. Hide and Carpet Beetles/Wood-Boring Beetles. Franzak and Foster, Cleveland, Ohio.

Hedges, S.A. and M.S. Lacey. 1996b. PCT Field Guide for the Management of Structure-Infesting Beetles, Vol. II Stored Product Beetles/Occasional and Overwintering Beetles. Franzak and Foster, Cleveland, OH.

Granovsky, T.A. 1997. Stored Product Pests, pp. 635-728, In: Handbook of Pest Control, The Behavior, Life History and Control of Household Pests, 8th edition, Dan Moreland (Ed.). Franzak and Foster Co., Cleveland, Ohio.

Hinton, H. E. 1945. A Monograph of the Beetles Associated with Stored Products. Vol. I. British Museum (Natural History), London.

Okumura, G. 1982. Stored Product Pests, pp. 507-591. In: Handbook of Pest Control, The Behavior, Life History and Control of Household Pests. 6th edition. Arnold Mallis (Ed.) Franzak and Foster Co., Cleveland, OH.

Rees, D. P. 1996. Coleoptera. Pages 1-39 in: Bh. Subramanyam and D. W. Hagstrum. Integrated Management of Insects in Stored Products. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.

Rees, D. P. 2004. Insects of Stored Products, Manson Publishing, London.

Sedlacek, J. D., P. A. Weston and R. J. Barney. 1996. Lepidoptera and Psocoptera. Pages 41-70 in: Bh. Subramanyam and D. W. Hagstrum (eds.). Integrated Management of Insects in Stored Products. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.

Sinha, R. N. and F. L. Watters. 1985. Insect Pests of Flour Mills, Grain Elevators, and Feed Mills and Their Control. Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Ottawa, Canada.

VanRyckeghem, A. 2004. Stored product pests, pp. 747-823. In: Handbook of Pest Control, The Behavior, Life History and Control of Household Pests, 9th edition, Dan Moreland and Stoy A. Hedges (Eds.). GIE Media, Cleveland, OH.

Bibliographies and Reviews of Species Biology

Abreu, J. M. de, R. N. Williams and P. A. Rude 1982. Revised bibliography of the almond moth (tropical warehouse moth) Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae). Tropical Stored Products Information 44: 15-36.

Abreu, J., and R. williams. 1978. Bibliography of Almond Moth – Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera Phycitidae). Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Research Circular 1-42.

Amante, M., M. Scholler, P. Suma, and A. Russo. 2017. Bethylids attacking stored-product pests: an overview. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 163:251-264.

Arora, G. L., H. R. Pajni, T. Singh, L. K. Vats, and P. Dhaliwal. 1969. Bibliography of family Bruchidae (Coleoptera). Res. Bull. Panjab University Suppl. 20: 1-81.

Ashworth, J. R. 1993a. The biology of Ephestia elutella. J. Stored Prod. Res. 29: 199-205

Ashworth, J. R. 1993b. The biology of Lasioderma serricorne. J. Stored Prod. Res. 29: 291-303.

Athanassiou, C.G., Phillips, T.W., Wakil, W. 2019. Biology and control of the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium, a major quarantine threat to global food security. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 64, 131–148.

Austen, E.E. and A.W. McKenny. 1932. Clothes moths and house moths, their life-history, habits and control. British Museum Natural History Economic Series 14.

Back, E. A. and W. D. Reed. 1930. Ephestia elutella Hubner, a New Pest of Cured Tobacco in the United States. Journal of Economic Entomology 23(6): 1004-1006

Benson, J. 1973. Biology of Lepidoptera Infesting Stored Products, with Special Reference to Population Dynamics. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 48:1-26.

Bharathi, V.S., Jian, F., Jayas, D.S., 2023. Biology, Ecology, and Behavior of Rusty Grain Beetle (Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens)). Insects 14, 590.

Black, J. 2004. Fabric and museum pests, pp. 581-632, In: Handbook of Pest Control, The Behavior, Life History and Control of Household Pests, 9th edition, Dan Moreland and Stoy A. Hedges (Eds.). GIE Media, Cleveland, Ohio.

Bushra, S., and M. Aslam. 2014. Management of Sitotroga cerealella in stored cereal grains: a review. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 47:2365-2376.

Campbell, J.F., Athanassiou, C.G., Hagstrum, D.W., Zhu, K.Y., 2022. Tribolium castaneum: a model insect for fundamental and applied research. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 67, 347–365.

Chandrasekar, R., and S. R. Palli. 2011. Reproductive biology of Tribolium castaneum, p. 197-215. In B. K. Tyagi and V. Veer (eds.), Entomology, Ecology & Biodiversity. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India

Childers, C. C., and R. E. Woodruff. 1980. A bibliography of the coffee bean weevil Araecerus fasciculatus (Coleoptera: Anthribidae). Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 26: 384-393.

Cox, P. D. and D. B. Pinniger. 2007. Biology, behaviour and environmentally sustainable control of Tineola bisselliella (Hummel) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 43: 2-32.

Damon, A. 2000. A review of the biology and control of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Bull. Entomol. Res. 90: 453-465.

Dlugosz, D., and S. Lux. 1991. Behaviour of the khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)–a review. Wiad. Entomol. 10:239-246.

Edde, P. A. 2012. A review of the biology and control of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) the lesser grain borer. J. Stored Prod. Res. 48: 1-18.

Franssen, Casper Johannes Hubertus. 1962. Levenswijze en bestrijding van de bonekever (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say) (Biology and control of the bean weevil) Centrum voor landbouwpublikaties en landbouwdokumentatie/ Center for agricultural publications and agricultural documentation No. 67.13.

Good, N. E. 1933. BIology of the flour beetles, Tribolium confusum Duv. and Tribolium ferrugineum Fab. Journal of Agricultural Research 46: 327-334.

Good, N. E. 1936. Flour beetles of the genus Tribolium. Technical Bulletin No. 498). U.S. Department OF Agriculture.

Haines, C. P. 1977. The potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller): A bibliography of recent literature and review of its biology and control on potatoes in the field and in store. Report Tropical Product Institute G112 .

Hasan, M.M., Athanassiou, C.G., Schilling, M.W., Phillips, T.W., 2020. Biology and management of the red-legged ham beetle, Necrobia rufipes DeGeer (Coleoptera: Cleridae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 88, 101635

Hinderer, C.L. 1997, Hide and carpet beetles, pp. 465-500. In: Handbook of Pest Control, The Behavior, Life History and Control of Household Pests, 8th edition, Dan Moreland (Ed.). Franzak and Foster Co., Cleveland, OH.

Hodges, R. J. 1979. A review of the biology and control of the rice moth Corcyra cephalonica Stainton. Trop. Prod. Inst. Rep. G125.

Hodges, R. J. 1986. The biology and control of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) A destructive storage pest with an increasing range. J. stored Prod. Res. 22(1): 1-14.

Howe, R. W. 1957. A laboratory study of the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Col., Anobiidae) with a critical review of the literature on its biology. Bull. Entomol. Res. 48: 9-56.

Karel, A, K. and Mphuru, A. N, 1981. Bionomlcs and control of the Larger Grain-Borer Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) ( Bostrlchidae: Coleoptera) Bulletin of Research and Information 1: 3-5.

Katz, H.L. 1997. Clothes moths, pp. 427-462. In: Handbook of Pest Control, The Behavior, Life History and Control of Household Pests, 8th edition, Dan Moreland (Ed.). Franzak and Foster Co., Cleveland, OH.

Lienard, V., and D. Seck. 1994. Revue des méthodes de lutte contre Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Col.: Bruchidae), ravageur des graines de niebe (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) en Afrique tropicale (Review of methods used to combat Callosobruchus maculatus (F) (Coleopetra: Bruchidae), destroyer of stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) in tropical Africa). Insect Sci. Appl. 15: 301-311.

Lindgren, D. L., Vincent, L. E., and Krohne, H. E. 1955. The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts. Hilgardia 24: 1-36.

Longstaff, B. C. 1981. Biology of the grain pest species of the genus Sitophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): a critical review. Prot. Ecol. 2: 83-130.

Markham, R. H., V. F. Wright, and Ibarra Ríos. 1991. A selective review of research on Prostephanus truncatus (Col.: Bostrichidae) with an annotated and updated bibliography. Ceiba 32: 1-90.

Miller, K. V., and R. N. Williams. 1981. An annotated bibliography of genus Glischrochilus Reitter (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae, Cryptarchinae). Research Circular 266.Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio .

Mohandass, S., F. H. Arthur, K. Y. Zhu and J. E. Throne. 2007. Biology and management of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in stored products. J. Stored Prod. Res. 43: 302-311.

Morrison, E. O. 1964. Taxonomy of the rice weevils, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Sitophilus zea-mais Motschulsky and an annotated bibliography relevant to the ecology of the species. Tex. J. Sci. 16:243-253.

Mphuru, A. N. 1974. Araecerus fasciculatus Degeer (Coleoptera: Anthribidae): a review. Tropical Stored Products Information 26:7-15.

Muatinte, B. I., J. Van den Berg, and L. A. Santos. 2014. Prostephanus truncatus in Africa: A review of biological trends and perspectives on future pest management strategies. African Crop Science Journal 22:237-256.

Nansen, C. and W. G. Meikle. 2002. The biology of the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Integr. Pest Manag. Rev. 7: 91-104.

Nayak, M. K., P. J. Collins, J. E. Throne, and J. Wang. 2014. Biology and Management of Psocids Infesting Stored Products. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 59: 279-297.

Park, T. 1934. Observations on the general biology of the flour beetle, Tribolium confusum. Q. Rev. Biol. 9: 36-54.

Parker, T.A. 1990. Hide and carpet beetles, pp. 377-413. In: Handbook of Pest Control, The Behavior, Life History and Control of Household Pests, 7th edition, Keith Story (Ed.). Franzak and Foster Co., Cleveland, OH.

Perez, J., F. Infante, and F. E. Vega. 2015. A coffee berry borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) bibliography. J. Insect Sci. 15: 1-41.

Pitman, A. J., E. B. G. Jones, M. A. Jones and P. Oevering. 2003. An overview of the biology of the wharf borer beetle (Nacerdes melanura L., Oedemeridae) a pest of wood in marine structures. Biofouling 19 (suppl.): 239-248.

Potter, C. 1935. Biology and distribution of Rhizopertha dominica (Fab.). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 83: 449-482.

Prasanthi, S. J., and R. K. M. K. Chakravarty. 2017. Non-chemical methods for the management of pulse beetles-A review. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 5: 1526-1533.

Quellhorst, H., Athanassiou, C.G., Zhu, K.Y., Morrison, W.R., 2021. The biology, ecology and management of the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: bostrichidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 94, 101860.

Reddy, G. V. P., A. Sharma and R. L. Gadi. 2018. Biology, Ecology, and Management of the Pea Weevil (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 111: 161-171.

Rees, D.P. and Banks, H.J. 1999. The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), a quarantine pest of stored products: review of biology, distribution, monitoring and control. Canberra, CSIRO Stored Grain Research Laboratory.

Richards, O. W., and W. S. Thomson. 1932. Contribution to the study of the genera Ephestia, Gn. (including Strymax, Dyar), and Plodia Gn. (Lepidoptera, Phycitidae), with notes on parasites of the larvae. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 80:169-250.

Rondon, S. I. 2010. The Potato Tuberworm: A Literature Review of Its Biology, Ecology, and Control. Am. J. Potato Res. 87: 149-166.

Ryan, L. 1995. Post-harvest Tobacco Infestation Control. Chapman and Hall, London.

Simmons, P. 1927. Cheese skipper as a pest in cured meats. Bulletin No. 1453. U.S. Department of Agriculture

Simmons, P. and G. W. Ellington. 1925. Ham beetle, Necrobia rufipes De Geer. Journal of Agricultural Research 30: 845-863.

Simmons, P. and G. W. Ellington. 1932. Biography of the Angoumois Grain Moth. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 25:265-281.

Simmons, P., and G. W. Ellington. 1924. Biology of the Angoumois grain moth–Progress Report. J. Econ. Entomol. 17:41-45.

Sokoloff, A. 1974. The biology of Tribolium. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Sutherland, J. A. 1986. A review of the biology and control of the sweetpotato weevil Cylas formicarius (Fab). Trop. Pest Manage. 32: 304-315.

Throne, J. E. 1986. Bibliography of maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). U.S. Department of Agriculture, .

Throne, J. E. 1987. Bibliography of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). U.S. Department OF Agriculture.

Throne, J. E. 1988. Bibliography of the flat grain beetle Cryptolestes pusillus (Schoenher) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Trivedi, T. P., and D. Rajagopal. 1992. Distribution, biology, ecology and management of potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): a review. Int. J. Pest Manage. 38:279-285.

Van Huis, A. 1991. Biological methods of bruchid control in the tropics: a review. Insect Sci. Appl. 12: 87-102.

Voelkel, H. 1924. Zur Biologie und Beklmpfung des Khapraklfers, Trogoderma granarium Everts. (On biology and control of the Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts). Arb. biol. Reichsanst. Land-u. Forstw. 13: 129-171.

Williams, R., D. Fickle, M. Kehat, D. Blumberg and M. Klein. 1983. Bibliography of the Genus Carpophilus Stephens (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae). Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Research Circular 3-95.

Life Histories of Stored-Product Insects

Acanthoscelides obsoletus Say

Zaazou, H. 1948. The longevity of the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obsoletus Say (Coleoptera, Bruchidae). Bull. Soc. Fouad 1er. Ent. Cairo 32: 51-70.

Zaazou, H. T. 1948. Oviposition of the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obsoletus Say. Bull. Soc. Fouad. 1 Entom. 32: 343-361.

Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say)

Bushnell, Ralph J. and Donald C. Boughton. 1940. Longevity and egg production in the common bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 33: 361-370.

Howe, R. W. and J. E. Currie. 1964. Some laboratory observations on the rates of development, mortality and oviposition of several species of Bruchidae breeding in stored pulses. Bull. Entomol. Res. 55: 437-477.

Koç, Yeşim and Evrim Sönmez. The effect of photoperiod on development time, sex ratio and fecundity of Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Plant Protection Bulletin 60(2): 29-35.

Krnjaic, S. 1971. Influence of Diet Type on Fecundity and Life Table of Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. Plant Protection (Zastita Bilja) 22(114): 205-212.

Menusan, H. 1934. Effect of temperature and humidity on the life processes of the bean weevil, Bruchus obtectus Say. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 27: 515-526.

Menusan Jr, Henry. 1936. The influence of constant temperatures and humidities on the rate of growth and relative size of the bean weevil, Bruchus obtectus Say. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 29(2): 279-288.

Soares, M.A., Quintela, E.D., Mascarin, G.M. and Arthurs, S.P. 2015. Effect of temperature on the development and feeding behavior of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) on dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Stored Products Research 61: 90-96.

Zimakowska-Gnoinska, Danuta. 1989. The effect of different air temperatures and humidities on the duration of the development of common bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus. Tribolium Information Bulletin 29: 112-117.

Achroia grisella (Fabricius)

Allam, H. 1964. The Life-History of the Lesser Wax Moth, Achroia grisella Fab., and its Control Thesis for M.Sc., Faculty of Cairo University, Egypt.

Borchert, Alfred. 1936. Untersuchungen Uber Die Morphologie Und Entwicklungs Dauer Dor Larven Der Kleinen Wachsmotte (Achroea Grisella F.). (Studies on the Morphology and Developmental Period of the Larvae of the Lesser Wax Moth (Achroea Grisella F.)) Zoologische Jahrbuecher Jena Anatomie 61: 99-106.

Chandel, Y. S., S. Sanjeev and K. S. Verma. 2003. Comparative Biology of the Greater Wax Moth, Galleria melonella L. and Lesser Wax Moth, Achroia grisella F. Pest Manage. Econ. Zool. 11: 69-74.

El-Borollosy, F. M., A. K. Wafa and H. M. Allam. 1973. Studies on the Life History of Achroia grisella Fab. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bulletin De La Societe Entomologique d’Egypte 56: 257-265.

Kunike, G. 1930. Zur Biologie Der Kleinen Wachsmotte, Achroia Grisella Fabr. (On the Biology of Small Wax Moth, Achroia Grisella Fabr). Zeitschrift Für Angewandte Entomologie 16 (2): 304-356.

Mahgoub, Montasir Omer, Hong Lau Wei and Dzolkhifli Bin Omar. 2015. Observations on the Biology and Larval Instars Discrimination of Wax Moth Achroia grisella F.(Pyralidae: Lepidoptera). Journal of Entomology 12(1): 1-11.

Uçkan, F., Ş. Hepçorman Şengul, O. Sak and M. Korkmaz. 2007. Effects of 5-Aza-2’-deoxcytidine on biological parameters of larval endoparasitoid Apanteles galleriae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and on its host Achoria grisella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 100: 265-269.

Ahasverus advena (Waltl)

David, M. H. and R. B. Mills. 1975. Development, oviposition, and longevity of Ahasverus advena. J. Econ. Entomol. 68: 341-345.

Jacob, T. A. 1996. The effect of constant temperature and humidity on the development, longevity and productivity of Ahasverus advena (Waltl.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 32: 115-121.

Allaeocranum biannulipes (Montrouzier and Signoret)

Loko, Y. L. E., D. M. Gavoedo, J. Toffa, A. Orobiyi, A. Thomas-Odjo, and M. Tamo. 2019. Life Table of the Predator Alloeocranum biannulipes Montrouzier and Signoret (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and a Test of Its Ability to Suppress Populations of Dinoderus porcellus Lesne (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Stored Yam Chips. Biological Control 130: 60–69.

Tawfik, M. F., K. T. Awadallah and M. M. H. Abdella. 1983. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on various stages of the predator, Allaeocranum biannulipes (Montr. et Sign.) (Hemiptera; Reduviidae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique d’Egypte 64: 239-250.

Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer)

Chernaki, A. and De Almeidae, L. 2001. Thermal Requirements, Development and Survival of the Immature Stages of the Alphitobius diaperinus (Panz.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Neotrop Entomol. 30: 365-368.

Gangopadyay and A.K.; Chatterjee, N.B. 1989. Effect of temperature and moisture content of the stored rice grain on the egg laying, hatching and post-embryonic development of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer). Indian Agriculturist 33: 115−124.

Kotsou, Konstantina, Christos I. Rumbos, Georgia V. Baliota, Marina Gourgouta, and Christos G. Athanassiou. 2021. Influence of temperature, relative humidity and protein content on the growth and development of larvae of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer). Sustainability 13(19), 11087.

Patoary, M. R., and M. A. R. Khan. 2003. Growth and Development of the Lesser Mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on Oil Cakes. Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 31(2): 189–194.

Patoary, M. R., and M. A. R. Khan. 2006. Influence of Different Yeast Levels with Wheat Flour on the Growth and Development of the Lesser Mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 34(2): 221–227.

Preiss, F. J., and J. A. Davidson. 1971. Adult Longevity, Pre-Oviposition Period and Fecundity of Alphitobius diaperinus in the Laboratory (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 6(2): 105–109.

Rueda, L. M., and Axtell, R. C. 1996. Temperature dependent development and survival of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus. Med. Vet. Entomol. 10:80-86.

Sarin, K. and S. C. Saxena. 1973. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the development and mortality of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panz), a stored product pest. Folia Biologica (Cracow) 21: 223−228.

Wilson, T. H., and Miner, F. D. 1969. Influence of temperature on development of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 42: 294-303.

Amphibolus venator (Klug)*

Imamura, T., A. Nishi, K. Takahash, P. Visarathanonth, and A. Miyanoshita. 2006. Life history parameters of Amphibolus venator (Klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), a predator of stored product insects. Rep. Natl. Food Res. Inst. 70:19-22.

Nishi, A., and K. Takahashi. 2002. Effect of temperature on oviposition and development of Amphibolus venator (Klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), a predator of stored product insects. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 37: 415-418.

Amyelois transitella (Walker)

Sanderson, J. P., M. M. Barnes, R. R. Youngman, and C. E. Engle. 1989. Developmental rates of the navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at various constant temperatures. J. Econ. Entomol. 82: 1096-1100.

Siegel, J. P., & Bas Kuenen, L. P. S. (2011). Variable developmental rate and survival of navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on pistachio. Journal of Economic Entomology, 104(2), 532-539.

Wade, W. H. 1961. Biology of the navel orangeworm, Paramyelois transitella (Walker), on almonds and walnuts in northern California. Hilgardia 31: 129-171.

Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard)*

Ahmed, K. N., M. R. Hasan, H. Ahmed, M. A. Hannan and S. K. Ghose. 2013. Effects of Temperature, Relative Humidity and Host on the Biology of Anisopteromalus Calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 41(1): 87-96.

Chun, Y. S., Yoon, T. J., Shin, S. S., and Ryoo, M. I. 1992. Relationship between temperature and development of an ectoparasitoid of rice weevil (Curculionidae: Coleoptera), Anisopteromalus calandrae (Pteromalidae: Hymenoptera). Korean J. Entomol. 22: 297-303.

Islam, W. and S. M. H. Kabir. 1991. Effect of temperature and relative humidity in the development and progeny production of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Banglad. J. Entomol. 1: 45-49.

Kazemi, F., A. A. Talebi and Y. Fathipour. 2010. The Reproduction and Population Growth Parameters of Anisopteromalus Calandrae (Hym.: Pteromalidae), a Parasitoid of Callosobruchus maculatus (Col.: Bruchidae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 29 (2): 1-10.

Mobarakian, M., A. A. Zamani, J. Karmizadeh, N. Moeeny Naghadeh and M. S. Emami. 2014. Modelling Development of Callosobruchus maculatus and Anisopteromalus Calandrae at various Constant Temperatures using Linear and Non-Linear Models. Biocontrol Science and Technology 24 (11): 1308-1320.

Smith, L. 1992. Effect of Temperature on Life-History Characteristics of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) Parasitizing Maize Weevil Larvae in Corn Kernels. Environmental Entomology 21(4): 877-887.

Anobium punctatum (DeGeer)

French, J. R. J. 1971. The effect of temperature and relative humidity on the life-cycle of the common furniture beetle Anobium punctatum (DeGeer). J. Inst. Wood Sci. 5: 31-35.

Anthrenus coloratus Reitter

Ali, M. F. 1997. Development and heat tolerance of Anthrenus coloratus (Reitter) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)reared on a laboratory diet. J. Stored Prod. Res. 33: 251-255.

Anthrenus flavipes LeConte

Ayyappa, P. K., P. S. Cheema, and S. L. Perti. 1957. A life history of Athrenus flavipes LeConte (Col., Dermestidae). Bull. Entomol. Res. 48: 185-198.

Griswold, G. H. 1941. Studies on the biology of four common carpet beetles. Part I. The black carpet beetle (Attagenus piceus Oliv.), the varied carpet beetle (Anthrenus verbasci L.) and the furniture carpet beetle (Anthrenus vorax Waterh.). Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Memiors 240, pp. 1-57.

Kumar, S., L. Khamashon, P. Pandey, R. Chaudhary and P. C. Joshi. 2013. Life cycle of museum pest Anthrenus flavipes (Lec.) (Coleoptera: Dermistidae). American Journal of Research Communication 1(5): 219-225.

Anthrenus sarnicus Mroczkowski

Armes, N. J. 1990. The biology of Anthrenus sarnicus Mroczkowski (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) I. Egg and larval development. J. Stored Prod. Res. 26: 11-22.

Armes, N. J. 1991. The biology of Anthrenus sarnicus Mroczkowski (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) II. Pupal and adult stages. J. Stored Prod. Res. 27: 57-64.

Coombs, C. W., and G. E. Woodroffe. 1981. The effect of temperature upon the longevity, fecundity and circannual development of Anthrenus sarnicus Mroczkowski (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 19: 111-115.

Anthrenus verbasci (Linnaeus)

Blake, G. M. 1958. Diapause and the regulation of development in Anthrenus verbasci (L.) (Col., Dermestidae). Bull. Entomol. Res. 49: 751-775.

Blake, G. M. 1961. Length of life, fecundity and the oviposition cycle in Anthrenus verbasci (L.) (Col., Dermestidae) as affected by adult diet. Bull. Entomol. Res. 52: 459-472.

Apanteles scutellaris Muesebeck*

Cardona, J., and E. R. Oatman. 1975. Biology and physical ecology of Apanteles subandinus Blanchard (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with notes on temperature response of Apanteles scutellaris Muesebeck and its host, the potato tuberworm. Hilgardia 43: 1-51.

Apanteles subandinus Blanchard*

Apomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller)

Basirat, M. and M. R. Mehrnejad. 2005. The study of lower threshold temperature and thermal constant for two insect pests of stored nuts Plodia interpunctella (Lep.: Pyralidae) and Apomyelois ceratoniae (Lep.: Pyralidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Iran 24: 19-33.

Cox, P. D. 1976. The influence of temperature and humidity on the life-cycle of Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 12: 111-117.

Gothilf, S. 1969. The biology of the carob moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zell. in Israel. part 2. Effect of food, temperature and humidity on development. Israel Journal of Entomology 4: 107-116.

Gothilf, S. 1984. Biology of Spectrobates ceratoniae on almonds in Israel. Phytoparasitica 12: 77-87.

Yousefi , M., Sendi, J. J. and Salehi, L. 2004. Biology of the Carob moth, Spectrobates ceratoniae Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae) in different temperature regiments under laboratory conditions. Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 1: 29–38.

Zare, D., Sendi, J. J., Nodoushan, A. J. and Khosravi, R. 2013. Life table parameters and biological characteristics of Apomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on three cultivars of pomegranate. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 46: 766–773.

Araecerus fasciculatus (DeGeer)

Li, Can and ZiZhong Li. 2009. Influence of temperature on development and reproduction of experimental populations of Araecerus fasciculatus (Coleoptera: Anthribidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica 52(12): 1385-1389. Chinese with English summary

Lin T. 1976. Studies on life cycle and control of coffee bean weevil, Araecerus fasciculatus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Anthribidae). Journal of Agricultural Research of China 25: 44-52.

Vitelli, M. A., H. N. Nigg and R. F. Brooks 1976. Laboratory rearing of the coffee bean weevil. Fla. Entomol. 59: 301-303.

Attagenus fasciatus (Thunberg)

Ali, M. F., A. M. A. Mashaly, A. A. Mohammed and A. E. M. Mohammed. 2011. Effect of temperature and humidity on the biology of Attagenus fasciatus (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 47: 25-31.

Mathlein, R. 1971. Investigations in the Biology of Attagenus gloriosae Fab. (Col., Dermestidae) (Biologiska Undersökningar Över Attagenus gloriosae Fab.(Col., Dermestidae)). Meddelanden/Statens vaextskyddsanstalt (National Institute for Plant Protection) 15: 163-186.

Patel, G. M. and M. S. Chari. 1977. Bionomics of tobacco seed beetle Attagenus fasciatus Thunb. (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Gujarat Agric. Univ. Res. J. 2: 69-75.

Attagenus unicolor (Brahm)

Baker, J. E. 1983.Temperature regulation of larval size and development in Attagenus megatoma (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 76(4): 752-756.

Howe, R. W. 1952. A note on the egg output of Attagenus megatoma (F.) (= piceus (Ol.)) (Col., Dermestidae).Entomol. Mon. Mag. 88: 40-41.

Balanogastris kolae (Desbr.)

Ivbijaro, M. F. 1981. Aspect of the development of kola weevil, Balanogastris kolae (Desbr.). (Coleopteran: Curculionidae.) in stored kolanuts. Niger. Jour. Agric. Sci. 3: 129-132.

Batrachedra amydraula

Rahmani, Shima, Marouf, A., Abou Al-Hassani, Asieh and Amir-Maafi, M. 2008. Demography of Batrachedra amydraula (Lep.: Batrachedridae) under laboratory conditions. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 76(2): 79-91.

Blaps mucronata Latreille

Prigge, Marietta. 1973. Zur Biologie und Entwicklung von Blaps mucronata Latr.(Coleopt., Tenebrionidae). (On the biology and development of Blaps mucronata latr. (Coleopt., Tenebrionidae) Journal of Applied Entomology 74(1-4): 130-141.

Blaptostethus pallescens Poppius*

Ballal, C. R., S. P. Singh, J. Poorani and T. Gupta. 2003. Biology and rearing requirement of an anthocorid predator Blaptostethus pallescens Poppius (Heteroptera: Anthcoridae). J. Biol. Control 17: 29-33.

Sobhy, I. S., A. M. Abdul-Hamid, A. A. Sarhan, A. A. Shoukry, N. S. Mandour and S. R. Reitz. 2014. Life history traits of Blaptostethus pallescens (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), a candidate for use in augmentative biological control in Egypt. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 49: 315-324.

Tawfik, M. F. S. and El-Husseini, M. M. 1971. The life history of the anthocorid predator, Blaptostethus piceus Fieber var. pallescens Poppius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d’ Egypte 55: 239–252.

Bracon brevicornis Wesmael*

Imam, A. I. 2013. Life Tables of the Larval Parasitoid; Bracon brevicornis Wesm. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Different Host Larvae. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 23 (2): 189-192.

Thanavendan, G. and S. Jeyarani. 2010. Effect of different temperature regimes on the biology of Bracon brevicornis Wesmael (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) on different host larvae. J. Biopesticides 3: 441-444.

Bracon hebetor Say*

Abdi-Bastami, F., Y. Fathipour, and A. A. Talebi. 2011. Comparison of Life Table Parameters of Three Populations of Braconid Wasp, Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hym.: Braconidae) on Ephestia kuehniella Zell (Lep.: Pyralidae) in Laboratory Conditions. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 78 (2): 153-176.

Ahmed, Khalafalla Saber 2012. Role of the larval parasitoid, Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the control of Cadra (Ephestia) cautella and Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Egypt. p. 109 – 115. In Proc. 7th Int. Con. Biol. Sci. (Zool)

Ahmed, M. S. H., Al-Saqur, A. M., Hakkak, Z. S. and Saqur, A. M. A., 1982, Effect of different temperatures on some biological activities of the parasitic wasp Bracon hebetor Say. Date Palm J. 1: 239-247.

Amir-Maafi, Masood and Hsin Chi. 2006. Demography of Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Two Pyralid Hosts (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 99(1): 84-90.

Eliopoulos, P. A. and G. J. Stathas. 2008. Life Tables of Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) Parasitizing Anagasta kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae): Effect of Host Density. Journal of Economic Entomology 101 (3): 982-988.

Eslampour, L. and S. Aramideh. 2016. Adult longevity, fertility and sex ratio of Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): effect of host artificial diets. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 4: 189-192.

Farag, M. M., Sayeda, S. A., & El-Husseini, M. M. 2012. Life history of Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing Cadra (Ephestia) cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on dried date fruits. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 22(1), 73-77.

Farag, N. A., I. A. Ismail, H. H. A. Elbehery, R. S. Abdel-Rahman, and M. A. Abdel-Raheem. 2015. Life Table of Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Reared on Different Hosts. Life 8(9): 123-130.

Farghaly, H. T. and Ragab, Z. A., 1987 Relationship between relative humidity and adult biology of Bracon hebetor Say. Bull. de la Societe Entomologiqued’ Egypte, 65 : 131-135.

Forouzan, M., Amirmaafi, M. and Sahragad, A., 2008, Temperature dependent development of Habrobracon hebetor Say reared on larvae of Galleria mellonella. J. Entomol. Soc. 28: 67-68.

Harries, F. H. 1937. Some effects of temperature on the development and oviposition of Microbracon hebetor (Say). Ohio J. Sci. 37: 165-171.

Imam, A. I. 2013. Life Tables of the Larval Parasitoid; Bracon brevicornis Wesm.(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Different Host Larvae. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 23 (2): 189-192.

Kim, N. K., J. H. Na, and M. I. Ryoo. 2000. Effect of temperature on the development of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing Indian meal moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 39:275-279.

Qiu, T., C. Bin, Z. HaiYan, D. Hui, and Q. HaiTao. 2006. Effects of temperature on development, fecundity and longevity of Habrobracon hebetor. Chinese Bulletin of Entomology 43: 666-669.

Singh, Deepak, Raghvendra P. Singh and C. P. M. Tripathi. 2014. Effect of Temperature on Life Table Statistics of Bracon hebetor Say. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies 7(2): 497-500.

Bruchidius atrolineatus (Pic)

Huignard, J., B. Leroi, I. Alzouma and J. Germain. 1985. Oviposition and Development of Bruchidius atrolineatus (Pic) and Callosobruchus maculatus (F) (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) in Vigna unguiculata (Walp) Cultures in Niger. Insect Sci. Appl. 6: 691-699.

Bruchidius incarnatus (Boheman)

El-Kifi A. H. and M. M. Metwally. 1971. Biological and ecological studies on Bruchidius incarnatus Boh. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Bull. Soc. Entomol. Egypte 55: 141-162

Metwally, M. M. 1990. Bionomics of Bruchidius incarnatus Boh. in Egypt. Pages 25-36 in: K. Fujii, A. M. R.Gatehouse, C. D. Johnson, R. Mitchell and T. Yoshida (eds.). Bruchids and Legumes: Economics, Ecology and Coevolution. Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium on Bruchids and Legumes, September 6-9, 1989, Okayama, Japan.

Bruchus brachialis Fåhraeus

Dickason, E. A. 1960. Mortality factors for the vetch bruchid, Bruchus brachialis. J. Econ. Entomol. 53: 555-558.

Pinckney, J. S. 1937. The vetch bruchid Bruchus brachialis. J. Econ. Entomol. 30: 621-632.

Steinhauer, A. L. 1959. The biology and seasonal development of the vetch bruchid, Bruchus brachialis Fåhraeus, in Oregon. J. Econ. Entomol. 52: 955-957.

Bruchus pisorum (Linnaeus)

Smith, A. M. and S. A. Ward. 1995. Temperature effects on larval and pupal development, adult emergence, and survival of the pea weevil (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Environ. Entomol. 24: 623-634.

Cadra calidella (Guenée)

Alrubeai, H. F. 1987. The influence of temperature and photoperiod on development and reproduction of Ephestia calidella. Date Palm J. 5: 188-198.

Cox, P. D. 1974. The influence of temperature and humidity on the life-cycles of Ephestia figulilella Gregson and Ephestia calidella (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 10: 43-55.

El Nazir, Susan Mohamed Abdalla 2004. The Biology and Ecology of Some Important Insect Pests of Stored Dates in Central Sudan. Ph.D, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan.

Omer, M.T.A., Kamel, A.H., El-Kifl, A.H. and Wahab, A.E.A. 1974. Ecological and biological studies on Cadra calidella (Guen.). A pest attacking dry dates in Egypt (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae).Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypte 57: 361-370

Cadra cautella (Walker)

Antunes De Almeida, A. and Skora. Neto F. 1991. Influencia da temperatura no desenvolvimento de Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), em graos de trigo armazenado. (Influence of temperature on the development of Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) in stored wheat grains.) Rev. Bras. Entomol. 35: 155-164.

Burges, H. D. and K. P. F. Haskins. 1965. Life-cycle of the tropical warehouse moth, Cadra cautella (Wlk.), at controlled temperatures and humidities. Bull. Entomol. Res. 55:775-789.

Dicker, N. A. and F. L. Waterhouse. 1972. Life history distribution of geographically different populations of Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) in gradient environments. Norsk Entomol. Tidsskrift (Oslo) 19: 33-37.

Marouf, A., M. Amir-Maafi and N. Shayesteh. 2013. Two-Sex Life Table Analysis of Population Characteristics of Almond Moth, Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Dry and Semi-Dry Date Palm Varieties. J. Crop. Prot. 2: 171-181.

Nawrot, J. 1981. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on population parameters for almond moth (Cadra cautella) Wlk. Prace Neukowe Instytute Ochromy Roslin 21: 41-52.

Tuli, S., P. B. Mookherjee, and G. C. Sharma. 1966. Effect of temperature and humidity on the fecundity and development of Cadra cautella Wlk. in wheat. Indian J. Entomol. 28 305-317.

Tzvetkow, D., and M. Latif. 1987. Bioecological studies of Ephestia (Cadra) cautella Wlk.: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae. Soil Sci. Agrochem. Plant Prot. 22:102-107.

Yatomi, K. and S. Yamashita. 1938. On the effect of temperature and humidity upon the hatching of the eggs of Ephestia cautella Walk. (Preliminary report). OyoDobuts. Zasshi, 10: 133-136.

Cadra figulilella (Gregson)

Clausicella suturata*

Kugler, J. and Y. Nitzan. 1977. Biology of Clausicella suturata [Dipt.: Tachinidae] a parasite of Ectomyelois ceratoniae [Lep.: Phycitidae]. Entomophaga 22: 93-105.

Callosobruchus analis (Fabricius)

Adarsh, H. S. and G. S. Sohi. 1969. Effects of temperature and humidity on the development, survival, fecundity and longevity of Callosobruchus analis (F.). Punjab Agricultural University Journal Research 6: 207-213.

Atwal, A. S., Sidhu, A. S. and Gupta, J. C. 1968. Studies on the growth of populations of Trogoderma granarium Everts and Callosobruchus analis (Fab.). Indian Journal of Entomology. 30(3): 185-191.

Begum, A., M. Ahmed and D. R. Seal. 1984. Influence of temperature on population increase of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus analis Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 12: 21-26.

Begum, A., S. K. Debnata, and D. R. Seal. 1984. Studies on the effect of food, temperature and humidity on the fecundity and development of Callosobruchus analis Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Bangladesh J. Zool. 12:71-78.

Utida, S. 1971. Influence of temperature on the number of eggs, mortality and development of several species of bruchid infesting stored beans. Jpn. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 15:23-30.

Callosobruchus chinensis (Linnaeus)

Ahmed, K. S., T. Itino and T. Ichikawa. 2003. Duration of developmental stages of Callosobruchus chinensis L.(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on azuki bean and the effects of neem and sesame oils at different stages of their development. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 6: 932-935.

Ahmed, S. E., A. H. Kamel and A. E. A. Wahab. 1978. A study of the duration of different stages of Callosobruchus chinensis L. and Callosobruchus maculatus F. under constant conditions. Agric. Res. Rev. 56: 151-154.

Borikar, P. S. and Pawar, V. M. 1996. Life fecundity tables for pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) infesting mung bean, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Journal of Entomological Research 20(1): 59-65.

Borude, D. M., Sonkamble, M. M. and Mutkule, D. S. 2012. Evalution of different pulses for life-fecundity tables of Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture 7(1): 67-69.

Chakraborty, S. and P. Mondal. 2015. Age Specific and Female Fecundity Life Table of Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. on Green Gram. Intern. J. Pure App.Biosci. 3(4): 284-291.

Maharjan, Rameswor, Jeongjoon Ahn, Chunggyoo Park, Youngnam Yoon, Yunwoo Jang, Hangwon Kang and Soondo Bae 2017. Effects of temperature on development of the azuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on two leguminous seeds J. Stored Prod. Res. 72: 90-99.

Singh, Harcharan 1964 Ecological studies on Pachymerus chniensis Linnaeus. Indian J. Entomol. 26: 239-241.

Utida, S. 1971. Influence of temperature on the number of eggs, mortality and development of several species of bruchid infesting stored beans. Jpn. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 15:23-30.

Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius)

Adhikary, P. and Anandamay, B. 2012. Effect of temperature on biology of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Indian Journal of Entomology 74 (3): 261-266.

Aldana Alfonso, H. M. 1983. Effect of temperature on the development and mortality of the immature stages of Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in chickpea. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia 9: 27-30.

Arjanbhai, Chudasama Jalpa. 2015. Biology, life table and management of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) on different stored pulses. PhD diss. Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh

El-Sawaf, S. K. 1956. Some factors affecting the longevity, oviposition and rate of development in the Southern cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus F. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Egypte 40: 29-95.

Fox, C.W. 1993. Multiple mating, lifetime fecundity and female mortality of the bruchid beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Functional Ecology 7: 203–208.

Giga, D. P. and R. H. Smith. 1983. Comparative life history studies of four Callosobruchus species infesting cowpeas with special reference to Callosobruchus rhodesianus (Pic) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 19: 189-198.

Huignard, J., B. Leroi, I. Alzouma and J. Germain. 1985. Oviposition and Development of Bruchidius atrolineatus (Pic) and Callosobruchus maculatus (F) (Coleopterae, Bruchidae) in Vigna unguiculata (Walp) Cultures in Niger. Insect Sci. Appl. 6: 691-699.

Lale, N. E. S., and S. Vidal. 2003. Effect of constant temperature and humidity on oviposition and development of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic) on bambara groundnut, Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdcourt. J. Stored Prod. Res. 39: 459-470.

Mobarakian, M., A. A. Zamani, J. Karmizadeh, N. M. Naghadeh, and M. S. Emami. 2014. Modelling development of Callosobruchus maculatus and Anisopteromalus calandrae at various constant temperatures using linear and non-linear models. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 24: 1308-1320.

Mookherjee, P. B. and M. L. Chawla. 1964. Effect of temperature and humidity on the development of Callosobruchus maculatus Fab., a serious pest of stored pulses. Indian J. Entomol. 26: 345-351.

Osuji, F. N. 1982. Radiographic studies of the development of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in cowpea seeds. J. Stored Prod Res. 18: 1-8.

Sagnia, S. B. 1994. Mortality factors affecting Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) under field conditions in Niger. J. Stored Prod. Res. 30: 71-74.

Sedaghat, Roshanak, Ali Asghar Talebi, and Saeid Moharramipour. 2014. Effects of Ultraviolet Irradiation on Life Table of Cowpea Weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of the Entomological Research Society 16(2): 1-12.

Callosobruchus phaseoli (Gyllenhal)

Utida, S. 1971. Influence of temperature on the number of eggs, mortality and development of several species of bruchid infesting stored beans. Jpn. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 15:23-30.

Callosobruchus rhodesianus (Pic)

Utida, S. 1971. Influence of temperature on the number of eggs, mortality and development of several species of bruchid infesting stored beans. Jpn. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 15:23-30.

Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic)

Carpophilus dimidiatus (Fabricius)

Lefkovitch, L. P. 1966. Some observations on the life cycle of Carpophilus dimidiatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) on wheat bran. J. Stored Prod. Res. 2: 163-165.

Lindgren, D. L., and L. E. Vincent. 1953. Nitidulid beetles infesting dates. Hilgardia 22: 97-118.

Porter, J. 1986. Some studies on the life history and oviposition of Carpophilus dimidiatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) at various temperatures and humidities. J. Stored Prod. Res. 22: 135-139

Carpophilus hemipterus (Linnaeus)

Cangardel, H. 1981. Influence de la température et de l’hygrométrie relative sur le développement de deux Carpophilus, ravageurs des pruneaux stockés: Carpophilus ligneus Murr. et Carpophilus hemipterus L. (Col., Nitidulidae). (Influence of temperature and relative humidity on the development of two Carpophilus pests of stored prunes: Carpophilus ligneus Murr. and Carpophilus hemipterus L. (Col., Nitidulidae)). Acta Oecologica, Oecol. Applic. 2:181-188.

El-Kadi, E., H. Zazou, A. El-Deeb and S. M. Hammad. 1962. Biology of the dried fruit beetle, Carpophilus hemipterus L. (Col., Nitidulidae). Alexandria J. Agric. Res. 10: 19-42.

James, D. G., and B. Vogele. 2000. Development and survivorship of Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), Carpophilus mutilatus Erichson and Carpophilus humeralis (F.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) over a range of constant temperatures. Aust. J. Entomol. 39: 180-184.

Lindgren, D. L., and L. E. Vincent. 1953. Nitidulid beetles infesting dates. Hilgardia 22: 97-118.

Carpophilus humeralis (Fabricius)

Lindgren, D. L., and L. E. Vincent. 1953. Nitidulid beetles infesting dates. Hilgardia 22: 97-118.

Carpophilus ligneus Murr.

Carpophilus mutilatus Erichson

Cartodere constricta (Gyllenhal)

Kerr, T. W. and D. L. McLean. 1956. Biology and control of certain Lathridiidae. J. Econ. Entomol. 49: 269-270.

Caryedon serratus (Olivier)

Amaro, P. et al. 1958: Contribuição para o estudo da dinâmica das populações de Caryedon gonagra (F.). (Contribution to the study of population dynamics of Caryedon gonagra (F.)) Garcia de Orta, Lisboa, 6 (4): 637-647

Cancela da Fonseca, J. P. 1965. Oviposition and length of adult life in Caryedon gonagra (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Bull. Entomol. Res. 55: 697-707.

Caryedon serratus Cancela da Fonseca, J. P. 1975. Note sur le taux intrinsèque d’accroissement naturel de la bruche de l’arachide Caryedon serratus (Fab.) (Col. Bruchidae). (Note on intrinsic natural growth rate of peanut beetle Caryedon serratus (Fab.) (Col. Bruchidae)) Terre & Vie 29: 71-76.

Davey, P. M. 1958. The groundnut bruchid Caryedon gonogra (F.). Bull. Entomol. Res. 49: 385-404.

Delobel, Alex. 1989. Influence des gousses d’arachide (Arachis Hypogea) et de l’alimentation imaginale sur l’ovogénèse, l’accouplement et la ponte chez la bruche Caryedon Serratus. (Effect of groundnut pods (Arachis hypogea) and imaginal feeding on oogenesis, mating and oviposition in the seed beetle Caryedon serratus) Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 52(3): 281-289.

Joshi, V. B. and Ghorpade, S. A. 2001. Life-table studies on pod borer, Caryedon serratus (Olivier), a pest of groundnut in storage. Journal of Insect Science 14(1/2): 55-57.

Patel, C. C. and Koshiya, D. J. 1994. Life tables and intrinsic rate of increase in number of Caryedon serratus (Olivier) on groundnut. Gujarat Agricultural University Research Journal. 20(1): 174-177.

Prasad, T. V., Nandagopal, V., Ghedia, M. V. and Savaliya, S. D. 2008. Life-table of Caryedon serratus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) reared on three different hosts. Indian Journal of Entomology 70(3): 246-249.

Ranaware, S. S. 2009. Life table study and management of Caryedon serratus (Olivier) in stored groundnut. M. Sc. thesis, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh.

Cathartus quadricollis (Guérin-Méneville)

Sousa, A. H., L. R. D. Faroni, F. Rezende, M. A. G. Pimentel and G. N. Silva.2009. Population growth of Cathartus quadricollis (Guerin-Meneville) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) in products stored at different temperatures. African J. Food Sci. 3: 347-351.

Cephalonomia gallicola (Ashmead)*

Momoi, S., and S. Tanioka. 1982. Notes on the bionomics of Cephalonomia gallicola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Sci. Rept. Fac. Agr. Kobe University 15: 55-61.

Yamasaki, M. 1982. Biology of a sanitary injurious bethylid wasp Cephalonomia gallicola. Japanese J. Sanitary Zoology 33: 221-226.

Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem*

Barrera, J., F. Infante, C. Alauzet, J. Gomez, W. DeLarosa and A. Castillo. 1993. Biologie de Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) en laboratoire. Durée de développement sex-ratio, longévité et espérance de vie des adultes (Biology of Cephalonomia-Stephanoderis Betrem (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) in the Laboratory .2. Development Cycle, Sex-Ratio, Adult Longevity and Life Expectancy). Cafe, Cacao, The 37: 205-214.

García Hernández, M., Duque de Estrada, Cecilia Toledo, Y. Rodríguez Vedey, Y. Borrero Ruiz, D. Cabrera Rodríguez and Y. Campo Corrales. 2008. Reproducción, ciclo biológico y relación sexual de Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem en condiciones de laboratorio en Cuba. (Reproduction, biological cycle and sexual relationship of Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem in laboratory conditions in Cuba) Fitosanidad/Phytosanitary 12: 227-232.

Cephalonomia tarsalis (Ashmead)*

Eliopoulos, P. A. and D. C. Kontodimas. 2016. Thermal development of Cephalonomia tarsalis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) parasitoid of the saw-toothed stored product beetles of the genus Oryzaephilus Sp. (Coleoptera: Sylvanidae). J. Therm. Biol. 56: 84-90.

Lukáš, J., 2007. Age specific fecundity and survivorship of Cephalonomia tarsalis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) at different temperatures. In: Integrated Protection of Stored Products IOBC/WPRS Bull. 30: 45–51.

Cephalonomia waterstoni (Gahan)*

Flinn, P. W. and D. W. Hagstrum. 1995. Simulation model of Cephalonomia waterstoni (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) parasitizing the rusty grain beetle (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). Environ. Entomol. 24: 1608-1615.

Rilett, R. O. 1949. Biology of Cephalaonomia waterstoni Gahan. Canadian Journal of Research 27D: 93-111.

Cerchysiella utilis (Noyes)*

Blumberg, D., M. Demeter, M. Kehat, and R. N. Williams. 1984. Biological studies of Zeteticontus utilis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasite of Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 77: 130-133.

Chelonus kellieae Marsh*

Powers, N. R., and E. R. Oatman. 1984. Biology and temperature responses of Chelonus kellieae and Chelonus phthorimaeae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and their host, the potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (LepidopteraL Gelechiidae). Hilgardia 52: 1-32.

Chelonus phthorimaeae Gahan*

Coelopalorus foveicollis (Blair)

Halstead, D. G. H. 1967. Biological studies on species of Palorus and Coelopalorus with comparative notes on Tribolium and Latheticus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 2: 273-313.

Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton)

Cox., P. D., L. A. Crawford, G. Gjestrud, C. H. Bell and C. F. Bowley. 1981. The influence of temperature and humidity on the life-cycle of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bull. Entomol. Res. 71: 171-181.

Dulera, J. G., D. M. Jethva, A. V. Khanpara and M. B. Sandpa. 2015. Construction of fecundity life table of Corcyra cephalonica in stored groundnut. Journal of Experimental Zoology, India 18: 447-451.

Hodges, R. J. 1979. A review of the biology and control of the rice moth Corcyra cephalonica Stainton. Trop. Prod. Inst. Rep. G125.

Hugar, P. and Jairao, K., 1991, Rate of multiplication of rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica Stainton. Agric. Sci. Digest. Karnal., 11(4): 195-198.

Hugar, P. and K. Jai Rao. 1990. Effect of temperature and humidity combinations on incubation and hatching of the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) egg (Lepidoptera: Galleriidae). Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3(3-4): 195-199.

Hugar, P. S. and Jairao, K. 1991. Effect of temperature and humidity on incubation and hatching of the rice moth. Current Research, University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore. 20(7): 142-143.

Hugar, P. S. and K. Jairao. 1985. Influence of temperature and relative humidity on larval development and survival of the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton). Madras Agricultural Research Journal 72:280-283.

Hugar, P., K. Rao and S. Lingappa. 1990. Effect of Temperature and Relative-Humidity on Pupal Development and Adult Emergence of Rice Moth (Corcyra-Cephalonica). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 60:82-83.

Kamel, A. H. and M. H. Hassanein. 1967. Biological studies on Corcyra cephalonica Staint. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Egypte 51: 175-196.

Kulkarni, S.M. 1968. Observations on some effects of temperature and isolation on fecundity of female Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae). Indian J. Entomol. 30(4): 286-288.

Meena, H. R., A. Meena, A. Kumar, A. K. Meena, S. K. Chauhan and B. M. Meena. 2017. Impact of Abiotic Factors on the Growth and Development of Corcyra cephalonica Stainto n in Stored Maize. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci 6(5): 1599-1608.

Meena, B.L. and Bhargava, M.C. 2010. Influence of temperature and relative humidity on some biological parameters of rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica Stainton. J. Insect Sci. (Ludhiana), 23(2): 160-165.

Rahman, M. and M. S. Jahan. 1980. Effect of temperature on the development of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bangladesh J.Zool. 2: 95-99

Ray, R. 1991. Studies on the Life Table and Intrinsic Rate of Increase of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton, on Soyabean. Bulletin of Grain Technology 29(1): 38-41.

Ray, R. 1994. Life table and intrinsic rate of increase of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton on maize. Environ. Ecol., 12: 202-204.

Ray, R., N. Shi, and H. P. Patnaik. 1990. The Life Table and Intrinsic Rate of Increase of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton on Jowar. Orissa Journal of Agricultural Research 3(1): 22-16.

Wadaskar, P. S., D. M. Jethva, S. Vigneswaran and N. S. Rode. 2015. Studies on effect of temperature and relative humidity on biology of rice moth Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) Under Laboratory Condition. The Ecoscan 9(1&2): 201-204.

Corticaria serrata (Paykull)

Kerr, T. W. and D. L. McLean. 1956. Biology and control of certain Lathridiidae. J. Econ. Entomol. 49: 269-270.

Creophilus maxillosus (Linnaeus)*

Frątczak-Lagiewska, Katarzyna. 2021. Modele rozwoju chrząszcza nekrofilnego Creophilus maxillosus (L.)(Staphylinidae)–porównanie ich skuteczności w szacowaniu wieku form preimaginalnych. (Models of development of the necrophilic beetle Creophilus maxillosus (L.) (Staphylinidae) – comparison of their effectiveness in estimating the age of preimaginal forms). PhD diss., Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland

Frątczak, Katarzyna, and Szymon Matuszewski. 2014. Instar determination in forensically useful beetles Necrodes littoralis (Silphidae) and Creophilus maxillosus (Staphylinidae). Forensic science international 241: 20-26.

Frątczak-Łagiewska K and Matuszewski S 2018. Sex-specific developmental models for Creophilus maxillosus (L.) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): searching for larger accuracy of insect age estimates. Int J Legal Med 132(3): 887–895

Frątczak-Łagiewska, Katarzyna, Andrzej Grzywacz, and Szymon Matuszewski. 2020. Development and validation of forensically useful growth models for Central European population of Creophilus maxillosus L.(Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). International journal of legal medicine 134(4): 1531-1545.

Wang Y, JB Yang, JF Wang, LL Li, M Wang, LJ Yang, LY Tao, J Chu, and YD Hou. 2017. Development of the Forensically Important Beetle Creophilus Maxillosus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) at Constant Temperatures. J. Med. Entomol. 54(2): 281–89.

Watson-Horzelski, Erin J. 2012. Survival and time of development for Creophilus maxillosus (L.)(Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) at three constant temperatures. The Coleopterists Bulletin 66(4): 365-370.

Cryptolestes capensis (Waltl)

Lefkovitch, L. P. 1962. The biology of Cryptolestes capensis (Waltl) (Coleoptera, Cucujidae). Bull. Entomol. Res. 53: 529-535.

Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens)

Ajayi, F. A., E. Peter, and Y. Amoo. 2018. Effect of Grain Breakage and Relative Humidity on the Development of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) Infesting Stored Maize in Lafia, Nigeria. Production Agriculture and Technology (PAT) 14(2): 78–86.

Al-Salihi, M. A. and A. F. Al-Azawi 1985. Life history of the rusty grain beetle Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Steph.). (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) on sayer dates in Iraq. Date Palm Journal 4(1): 69–76.

Bishop, C. W. 1959. The comparative bionomics of American Cryptolestes (Coleoptera-Cucujidae) that infest stored grain. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 52: 657-665.

Chakraborty, D., Madhumathi, T., Gopalaswamy, S. and Kumari, V.P. 2020. Growth, development, and progeny production of Rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) on broken, flour and whole maize. J. Entomol. Zool. 8: 151–154.

Kawamoto, H.; Sinha, R.N.; Muir,W.E. 1990. Effects of temperature and relative humidity on egg development of Cryptolestes ferrugineus compared with C. pusillus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 25: 35–41.

Rilett, R. O. 1949. The biology of Laemophloeus ferrugineus (Steph.). Can. J. Res. (D) 27: 112-148.

Smith, L.B. 1962. Observations on the oviposition rate of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Steph.) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 55: 77–82.

Smith, L. B. 1965. The intrinsic rate of natural increase of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera, Cucujidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 1: 35-49.

Smith, L.B. 1966. Effect of crowding on oviposition, development, and mortality of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera, Cucujidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 2: 91–104.

Throne, J.E. and Culik, M.P. 1989. Progency production and duration of development of rusty grain beetles, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae), on cracked and whole corn. J. Entomol. Sci. 24: 150–155.

Tuff, D.W. and Telford, H.S. 1964. Wheat fracturing as affecting infestation by Cryptolestes ferrugineus. J. Econ. Entomol. 57: 513–516.

White, N.D.G. and Bell, R.J. 1993. Effects of mating status, sex ratio, and population density on longevity and offspring production of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coloeptera: Cucujidae). Exp. Gerontol. 28: 617–631.

Cryptolestes pusilloides (Steel and Howe)

Lefkovitch, L. P. 1964. The biology of Cryptolestes pusilloides (Steele & Howe) (Coleoptera, Cucujidae), a pest of stored cereals in the southtern hemisphere. Bull. Entomol. Res. 54: 649-656.

Cryptolestes pusillus (Schönherr)

Ashby, K. R. 1961. The life-history and reproductive potential of Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr) (Col., Cucujidae) at high temperatures and humidities. Bull. Entomol. Res. 52: 353-362.

Bishop, C. W. 1959. The comparative bionomics of American Cryptolestes (Coleoptera-Cucujidae) that infest stored grain. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 52: 657-665.

Currie, J. E. 1967. Some effects of temperature and humidity on the rates of development, mortality and oviposition of Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr) (Coleoptera, Cucujidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 3: 97-108.

Davies, R. G. 1949. The biology of Laemophloeus minutus Oliv. (Col. Cucujidae). Bull. Entomol. Res. 40: 63-82.

Williams, G. C. 1954. Observations on the life history of Laemophloeus minutus (O.) (Col., Cucujidae) when bred on various stored cereals and cereal products. Bull. Entomol. Res. 45: 341-350.

Cryptolestes turcicus (Grouvelle)

Lefkovitch, L. P. 1962. The biology of Cryptolestes turcicus (Grouvelle) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae), a pest of stored and processed cereals. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 138: 23-35.

Cryptolestes ugandae Steel and Howe

Lefkovitch, L. P. 1957. The biology of Cryptolestes ugandae Steele & Howe (Coleoptera, Cucujidae), a pest of stored products. Proc. Zool. Soc., London 128: 419-429

Cryptophagus acutangulus Gyllenhal

Hinton, H. E. and F. L. Stephens. 1941. Notes on the biology and immature stages of Cryptophagus acutangulus Gyll. Bull. Entomol. Res. 32: 135-143.

Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus)

Aghdam, H. R., Y. Fathipour, D. C. Kontodimas, G Radjabi and M. Rezapanah. 2009b. Age-specific life table parameters and survivorship of an Iranian population of the codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) at different constant temperatures. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 102: 233-240.

Aghdam, H. R., Y. Fathipour, G Radjabi and M. Rezapanah. 2009a. Temperature-dependent development and temperature thresholds of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Iran. Environ. Entomol. 38: 885-895.

Howell, J. F. 1981. Codling moth: the effect of adult diet on longevity, fecundity, fertility, and mating. J. Econ. Entomol. 74: 13-18.

Howell, J. F. and L. G. Neven. 2000. Physiological development time and zero development temperature of the codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Environ. Entomol. 29: 766-772.

Cylas brunneus (Olivier)

Musana, P., J. S. Okonya, S. Kyamanywa and J. Kroschel. 2013. Effect of temperature on the development, reproduction and mortality of the sweetpotato weevil Cylas brunneus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Brentidae). Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences 14:77-84.

Smit, N. E. J. M. and A. van Huis. 1998. Biology of the African sweetpotato weevil species Cylas puncticollis (Boheman) and C. brunneus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Apionidae). Insect Sci. Applic. 18: 93-100.

Cylas formicarius (Fabricius)

Mullen, M. A. 1981. Sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers): development, fecundity and longevity. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 74: 478-481.

Cylas puncticollis Boheman

Nteletsana, L., A. S. Schoeman and M. A. McGeoch. 2001. Temperature effects on development and survival of the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas punctcollis Boheman (Coleoptera: Apionidae). African Entomol. 9: 49-57.

Cynaeus angustus (LeConte)

Krall, J. L. and G. C. Decker. 1945. The biology of Cynaeus angustus LeC., a new stored grain pest. IowaState College J. Sci. 20: 385-402.

Peixoto, Pedro Gomes, Renato Ventresqui Oliveira, Vanessa Silva Miranda, Tony de Paiva Paulino, Rodrigo Magrin de Andrade, and Afonso Pelli. 2016. Avaliação proteica e parâmetros populacionais de Cynaeus angustus Le Conte (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). (Protein evaluation and population parameters of Cynaeus angustus Le Conte (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)) EntomoBrasilis 9(2): 108-113.

Dasyses rugosella (Stainton)

Iheagwam, E. U., and C. I. Ezike. 1989. Biology of the moth Dasyses rugosella Stainton a storage pest of yams (Dioscorea spp.). Deutsche Entomol. Zeitschrift 36: 381-387.

Dermestes ater DeGeer

Coombs, C. W. 1981. The development, fecundity and longevity of Dermestes ater (DeGeer) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 17: 31-36.

Kumar, P., C. A. Jayaprakas, B. D. Singh and K. Sengupta. 1988. Studies on the biology of Dermestes ater (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)-A pest of silkworm pupae and adults. Current Science 57: 1253.

Roth, L. M. and E. R. Willis 1950. The oviposition of Dermestes ater DeGeer, with notes on bionomics under laboratory conditions. Am. Midl. Nat. 44: 427-447.

Dermestes frischii Kugelann

Amos, T. G. 1968. Some laboratory observations on the rates of development, mortality and oviposition of Dermestes frischii (Kug.) (Col., Dermestidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 4: 103-117.

Howe, R. W. 1953. The effects of temperature and humidity on the length of the life cycle of Dermestes frischii Kug. (Col., Dermestidae). The Entomologist 86: 109-113.

Martín-Vega, Daniel, Luisa M. Díaz-Aranda, Arturo Baz, and Blanca Cifrián. 2017. Effect of Temperature on the Survival and Development of Three Forensically Relevant Dermestes Species (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 54(5):1140-1150.

Dermestes haemorrhoidalis Küster

Coombs, C. W. 1979. The effect of temperature and humidity upon the development and fecundity of Dermestes haemorrhoidalis Kuster and Dermestes peruvianus LaPorte de Castelnau (Coloeptera: Dermestidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 15: 43-52.

Dermestes lardarius Linnaeus

Coombs, C. W. 1978. The effect of temperature and relative humidity upon the development and fecundity of Dermestes lardarius L. (Col., Dermestidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 14: 111-119.

Jacob, T., and D. Fleming. 1980. Some observations on the effects of temperature and relative-humidity upon pupation, fecundity and the longevity of Dermestes lardarius L (Coleoptera, Dermestidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 16:79-80.

Jacob, T., and D. Fleming. 1984. Some further Observations on the Effect of Temperature on the Fecundity and Longevity of Dermestes lardarius L (Coleoptera, Dermestidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 20:7-9.

Dermestes maculatus Degeer

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Kiritani, K. 1959. Biology of the leather beetle, Dermestes maculatus DeGeer. Japanese J. Ecol. 9: 11-15.

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Dermestes peruvianus La Porte de Castelnau

Dermestes undulatus Brahm.

Diadegma chrysostictos (Gmelin in Linnaeus)*

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Dienerella arga (Reitter)

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Dinoderus minutus (Fabricius)

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Dinoderus porcellus (Lesne)

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Dufouriella ater (Dufour)*

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Elasmolomus sordidus (Fabricius)

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Endrosis sarcitrella (Linnaeus)

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Epauloecus unicolor (Piller and Mitterpacher)

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Ephestia elutella (Hübner)

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Ephestia kuehniella Zeller

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Epuraea luteolus Erichson

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Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke)

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Euzopherodes vapidella Mann

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Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus)

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Warren, L. O. and P. Huddleston. 1962. Life history of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L., in Arkansas. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 35: 212-216.

Gibbium psylloides (de Czenpinski)

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Glischrochilus fasciatus

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Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say)

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Glischrochilus sanguinolentus

Peng, C. and R. N. Williams. 1990. Pre-oviposition period, egg production and mortality of six species bernating sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 23:453-457.

Gnatocerus cornutus (Fabricius)

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Gnatocerus maxillosus (Fabricius)

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Hermetia illucens (L.)

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Hofmannophila pseudospretella (Stainton)

Woodroffe, G. E. 1951a. A life-history study of the brown house moth, Hofmannophila pseudospretella (Staint.). Bull. Entomol. Res. 41: 529-553.

Holepyris sylvanidis (Brethes)*

Abdella, M. M. H., M. F. S. Tawfik, and K. T. Awadallah. 1985. Biological studies on the bethylid parasitoid Holepyris sylvandis Berthes. Ann. Agric. Sci., Moshtohor 23: 1355-1363.

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Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari)

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Ruiz-Cardenas, Ramiro and P. Baker. 2010. Life Table of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) in Relation to Coffee Berry Phenology Under Colombian Field Conditions. Sci.Agric. 67: 658-668.

Idaea inquinata (Scopoli)

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Joppeicus paradoxus Puton*

Morimoto, Sayaka, Taro Imamura, Porntip Visarathanonth and Akihiro Miyanoshita. 2007. Effects of temperature on the development and reproduction of the predatory bug Joppeicus paradoxus Puton (Hemiptera: Joppeicidae) reared on Tribolium confusum eggs. Biological Control 40(1): 136-141.

Lariophagus distinguendus (Foerster)*

Gonen, M. and J. Kugler. 1970. Notes on the biology of Lariophagus distinguendus (Foerster). (Hym. Pteromalidae) as a parasite of Sitophilus oryzae (L.)(Col. Curculionidae). Isr. J. Entomol. 5: 133-140.

Ryoo, M. I., Y. S. Hong and C. K. Yoo. 1991. Relationship between temperature and development of Lariophagus distinguendus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), an ectoparasite of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 84: 825-829.

Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius)

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Latheticus oryzae Waterhouse

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Lepinotus reticulatus Enderlein

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Liposcelis badia Wang, Wang and Liehard

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Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel

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Liposcelis brunnea Motschulsky

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Liposcelis decolor (Pearman)

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Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein)

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Liposcelis fusciceps Badonnel

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Liposcelis obscura Broadhead

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Liposcelis paeta Pearman

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Liposcelis pearmani Leinhard

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Liposcelis rufa Broadhead

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Liposcelis tricolor Badonnel

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Liposcelis yunnaniensis Li and Li

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Lophocateres pusillus (Klug)

Halstead, D. G. H. 1968. Some observations on the biology of Lophocarteres pusillus (Klug) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 4: 197-202.

Lyctocoris campestris (Fabricius)*

Parajulee, M. N., T. W. Phillips, J. E. Throne and E. V. Nordheim. 1995. Life history of immature Lyctocoris campestris (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae): Effects of constant temperatures and relative humidities. Environ. Entomol. 24: 889-897.

Lyctus brunneus (Stephens)

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Iwata, R. and K. Nishimoto. 1985. Studies on the autecology of Lyctus brunneus (Stephens) (Coleoptera, Lyctidae). VI. Larval development and instars with special reference to an individual rearing method. Wood Res. 71: 32-45.

Mezium affine Boieldieu

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Microctonus nitidulidis Weiss, Williams and Loan*

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Murmidius ovalis (Beck)

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Nacerdes melanura (Linnaeus)

Necrobia rufipes (DeGeer)

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Niptus hololeucus (Faldermann)

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Howe, R. W. and H. D. Burges. 1952. Studies on beetles of the family Ptinidae. VII. The biology of five ptinid species found in stored products. Bull. Entomol. Res. 43: 153-186.

Omosita colon (Linnaeus)

Wang Y., Wang M., Hu G., Xu W., Wang Y., Wang J. 2020. Temperature-dependent development of Omosita colon at constant temperature and its implication for PMImin estimation. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 72, 101946.

Opatroides punctulatus Brulle

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Oryzaephilus acuminatus Halstead

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Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel)

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Komson, A. 1967. A comparitive study of the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) and the merchant grain beetle, Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauv.), (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). M.Sc., (Sci.), thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Que. 123 p.

Komson, A. & R. K. Stewart. 1968. The effect of temperature and diet upon the development of the saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linn) and the merchant grain beetle, Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauv.), (Coleoptera, Cucujidae). Thai. J. Agric. Sci. 1: 40-51.

Komson, A. and Stewart ,R. K. 1968. Laboratory observation on the bionomics of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linn.) and Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauv.) (Coleoptera, Cucujidae). Thai J. Agric. Sci. 1: 19-23.

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Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus)

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Bhatia, S. Pradhan 1968. Studies on resistance to insecticides in Tribolium castaneum Herbst 1. Selection of a strain resistant to p,p’ DDT and its biological characteristics, Indian J. Entomol., 30: 13-32.

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Daoud, A. S., and S. A. Maffti. 1988. Biological Studies on Saw-Toothed Grain Beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) Cucujidae, Coleoptera, in the Laboratory under Constant Temperature Conditions. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 20(2): 325–33

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Eroglu, Nazife, Maria K. Sakka, Mevlut Emekci, and Christos G. Athanassiou. 2019. Effects of Zeolite Formulations on the Mortality and Progeny Production of Sitophilus oryzae and Oryzaephilus surinamensis at Different Temperature and Relative Humidity Levels. Journal of Stored Products Research 81: 40–45

Fleming, DA. 1988. The Influence of Wheat Kernel Damage upon the Development and Productivity of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L) (Coleoptera, Silvanidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 24(4): 233–236.

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Hussain, A. A. 1969. Biology of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.)(Coleoptera: Cucujidae) on Stored Dates in Baghdad, Iraq. Journal of Agricultural Science 1: 51–53.

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Jacob, TA, and DA Fleming. 1990. The Effect of Humidity on the Development and Survival of the Immature Stages of Strains of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L) (Coleoptera, Silvanidae) at Constant Temperatures. Journal of Stored Products Research 26(3): 163–167.

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Leroi, B. 1966. Influence de La Date de Fecondation Sur La Reproduction Des Femelles D’Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Coleoptere Cucujidae) (Influence of the Date of Fecundation on the Reproduction of Female of Oryzaephilus Surinamensis L.) 263(5): 529–532.

McGaughey, W.H. 1974. Insect development in milled rice: Effects of variety, degree of milling, parboiling and broken kernels. Journal of Stored Products Research 10(2): 81-86,

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Weston, PA, and PL Rattlingourd 2000. Progeny Production by Tribolium Castaneum (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera : Silvanidae) on Maize Previously Infested by Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 93(2): 533–536.

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Pachycrepoideus dubius Ashmead*

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Pagiocerus frontalis (Fabricius)

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Palembus dermestoides (Fairmaire)

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Palorus laesicollis (Fairmaire)

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Palorus ratzeburgii (Wissmann)

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Palorus subdepressus (Wollaston)

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Paralipsa gularis (Zeller)

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Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller)

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Piophila casei (Linnaeus)

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Simmons, P. 1927. The cheese skipper as a pest in cured meats. USDA Bull. 1453

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Plastanoxus westwoodi (Kieffer)*

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Plodia interpunctella (Hübner)

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Hamlin, J. C., W. D. Reed and M. E. Phillips. 1931. Biology of the Indian-meal moth on dried fruits in California. USDA Tech. Bull. 242.

Krnjaic, Smiljka and Budimir Ilic 1982. Delovanje konstantnih i promenljivih temperatura na brasnenog bakrenastog moljca (Plodia interpunctella HB.) (Effect of constant and variable temperatures on flour moth (Plodia interpunctella HB.). Plant Protection (Zastita Bilja) 33(3): 317–324.

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Prorops nasuta Waterston*

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Prostephanus truncatus (Horn)

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Pseudeurostus hilleri (Reitter)

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Ptinus fur (Linnaeus)

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Ptinus latro Fabricius

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Ptinus tectus Boieldieu

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Ptinus pusillus Sturm

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Ptinus villiger (Reitter)

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Pyralis farinalis (Linnaeus)

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Rhabdepyris zeae Turner and Waterston*

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Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius)

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Begum, A., M. Ahmed & S. M. S. Huda. 1974. The effect of food on the life history of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Bangladesh J. Zool. 2: 71-76.

Birch, L. C. & J. C. Snowball. 1945. The development of the eggs of Rhyzopertha dominica Fab. (Coleoptera) at constant temperatures. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 23: 37-40.

Birch, L. C. 1945. The influence of temperature on the development of the different stages of Calandra oryzae L. and Rhyzopertha dominica Fab. (Coleoptera). Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 23: 141-145.

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Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus)

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Sitophilus linearis (Herbst)

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Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus)

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Sitophilus rugicollis Casey

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Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky

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Throne, J. E. 1994. Life history of immature maize weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on corn stored at constant temperature and relative humidities in the laboratory. Environ. Entomol. 23: 1459-1471.

Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier)

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El Nahal, A. K. E. A. 1978. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the development of Sitotroga cerealella. Bulletin of Rural Economy and Sociology 2:148-155.

Grewal, S. S. and A. S. Atwal. 1969. The influence of temperature and humidity on the development of Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Journal of Research, Punjab Agricultural University 6: 353-358

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Mills, R. B., and Wilbur, D. A. 1967. Radiographic studies of Angoumois grain moth development in wheat, corn and sorghum kernels. J. Econ. Entomol. 60: 671-677.

Mondragon I, Almeida AA de, 1988. Influencia de dos temperaturas en el desarrollo de Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier, 1819) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) en maiz almacenado. (Influence of two temperatures on the development of Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier, 1819) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) on stored maize) Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil, 17: 397-407.

Perez-Mendoza, J., Weaver, D. K., and Throne, J. E. 2004. Development and survivorship of immature Angoumois grain moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on stored corn. Environ. Entomol. 33: 807-814

Simmons, P. and G.W. Ellington. 1933. Life history of the Angoumois grain moth in Maryland. USDA Tech. Bull. 351

Weaver, D. K. and J. E. Throne. 1995. Life history data for Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in farm-stored corn and the importance of sub-optimal environmental conditions in insect population modelling for bulk commodities. p. 599 – 604.In Proceedings of the 6th International Working Conference on Stored-product Protection

Stegobium paniceum (Linnaeus)

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Momoi, S. and H. Sadamori. 1982. The influence of temperature on the growth and reproduction of Stegobium paniceum (Coleoptera: Anobiidae). Sci. Rep. Fac. Agric. Kobe Univ. 15: 63-70.

Stelidota geminata (Say)

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Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus)

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Tenebrio obscurus (Fabricius)

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Tenebroides mauritanicus (Linnaeus)

Back, E. A. 1926. Cadelle. USDA Bulletin 1428

Cotton, R. T. 1923. Notes on the biology of the cadelle, Tenebroides mauritanicus Linne. Journal of Agricultural Research 26:61-68.

Rout, G., H. P. Patnaik and T. J. Jacob. 1978. Effect of food and temperature on the biology of cadelle Tenebroides mauritanicus (L.). Bulletin of Grain Technology 16: 135-140.

Theocolax elegans (Westwood)*

Imamura, T., Uraichuen, J., Visarathanonth, P., Morimoto, S., and Miuanoshita, A. 2004. Effect of temperature on development of Theocolax elegans (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) parasitizing larvae of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in brown rice. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 39:497-503

Sharifi, S. 1972a. Radiographic studies of the parasite Choetospila elegans on the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 65: 852-856.

Tinea pellionella (Linnaeus)

Cheema, P. S. 1956. Studies on the bionomics of the casebearing clothes moth, Tinea pellionella (L.). Bull. Entomol. Res. 47: 167-182.

Tineola bisselliella (Hummel)

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Griswold, G. H. 1944. Studies on the biology of the webbing clothes moth (Tineola biselleilla Hum.) Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem. 262

Griswold, G. H. and M. F. Crowell. 1936. The effect of humidity on the development of the webbing clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella Hum.). Ecology 17: 241-250.

Pereira, M. 1960. Contribuicao para o estudo da Tineola bisselliella e seu combate. (Contribution to the study of T. bisselliella and its control.). Estudos, Ensaios e Documentos 78: 1–134.

Tipnus unicolor Pill and Mitt.

Howe, R. W. 1955. Studies on beetles of the family Ptinidae. 12.The biology of Tipnus unicolor Pill and Mitt. Entomol. Mon. Mag. 91: 253-257.

Tribolium audax Halstead

Smith, L. B. and P. S. Barker. 1991. Effect of temperature on the development, oviposition, and mortality of Tribolium audax Halstead and Tribolium madens (Charpentier) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Can. J. Zool. 69: 1189-1193.

Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Gray, H. E. 1948. The biology of flour beetles. Milling Production 13(December): 7, 18-22.

Howe, R. W. 1956b. The effect of temperature and humidity on the rate of development and mortality of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Ann. Appl. Biol. 44: 356-368.

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Mishra, Bhuwan Bhaskar, S. P. Tripathi and C. P. M. Tripathi. 2016. Effect of temperature at fixed relative humidity in fecundity and development of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 4(3): 255-257.

Park, T. & M. B. Frank. 1948. The fecundity and development of the flour beetles, Tribolium confusum and Tribolium castaneum at three constant temperatures. Ecology 29: 368-374.

Roorda, F. A., G. G. M. Schulten & E. A. M. Andriessen. 1982. Laboratory observations on the development of Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Col., Tenebrionidae) on millet at different temperatures and relative humidities. Z. Angew. Entomol. 93: 446-452.

Soliman, M. H. & F. A. Lints. 1982. Influence of preimaginal constant and alternating temperatures on growth rate and longevity of adults of five genotypes in Tribolium castaneum. Mech. Ageing Dev.18: 19-31.

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Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val

Al-Rawy, M. A. 1958. The effect of constant and alternating temperatures and various relative humidities on growth, survival and reproduction of Tribolium confusum Duval. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.

Chapman, R. N. & L. Baird. 1934. The biotic constants of Tribolium confusum Duval. J. Exp. Zool. 68: 293-304.

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Hardman, J. M. 1976. Life table data for use in deterministic and stochastic simulation models predicting the growth of insect populations under Malthusian conditions. Can. Entomol. 108: 897-906.

Holdaway, F. G. 1932. An experimental study of the growth of populations of the “Flour beetle” Tribolium confusum Duval, as affected by atmospheric moisture. Ecol. Monogr. 2: 261-304.

Howe, R. W. 1960. The effects of temperature and humidity on the rate of development and the mortality of Tribolium confusum Duval (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Ann. Appl. Biol. 48: 363-376.

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Lamb, R. J. & S. R. Loschiavo. 1981. Diet, temperature and the logistic model of developmental rate for Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Can. Entomol. 113: 813-818.

Lin, S., A. C. Hodson & A. G. Richards. 1954. An analysis of threshold temperatures for the development of Oncopeltus and Tribolium eggs. Physiol. Zool. 27: 287-311.

Park, T. and M. B. Frank. 1948. The fecundity and development of the flour beetles, Tribolium confusum and Tribolium castaneum at three constant temperatures. Ecology 29: 368-374.

Stanley, J. 1946. The environmental index, a new parameter, as applied to Tribolium. Ecology 27: 303-314.

Tribolium destructor Uyttenboogaart

Cherkovskaya, A. Y. and N. L. Anoskina. 1973. Effects of Temperature and Humidity on the Fecundity of the Dark Flour Beetle, (Tribolium Destructor Uyatt., Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Entomological Review 2(2) (2): 186-89. Translated from Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 52 (2): 267-272.

Gray, Harold Ellacott. 1946. A Comparison of Certain Phases of the Biology of the Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst., confusum Duv., and destructor Uytt. PhD diss., University of Minnesota.

Laubmann, M. 1958. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Biologie von Tribolium destructor (Uytt.) (Contribution to the knowledge of the biology of Tribolium destructor (Uytt.)). Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde 31: 138-140.

Laubmann, Marianne. 1961. Einflutz der Larvenernährung auf Vermehrungsrate und Lebensdauer von Tribolium destructor Uytt (Influence of larval nutrition on reproduction rate and lifespan of Tribolium destructor Uytt). Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde 34(8): 120-122.

Mathlein, R. 1943. Investigations on pests of stored products. III. The dark brown flour beetle, Tribolium destructor, a new economically important pest. Meddelande Statens Vaxtskyddsanstalt 41: 1-38.

Tribolium freemani Hinton

Imura, O. 1987 Demographic Attributes of Tribolium freemani Hinton (Coleopteraz Tenebrionidae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 22(4): 449-455

Imura, O. 1988. Life Table for Tribolium freemani Hinton. Tribolium Information Bulletin 28: 59-62.

Imura, O. and H. Nakakita. 1984. The effect of temperature and relative humidity on the development of Tribolium freemani Hinton (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 20: 87-95

Tribolium madens (Charpentier)

Howe, R. W. 1962. The effect of temperature and relative humidity on the rate of development and the mortality of Tribolium madens (Charp.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Ann. Appl. Biol. 50: 649-660

Park, T. 1945. Life Tables for the Black Flour Beetle, Tribolium madens Charp. Am. Nat. 79:436-444.

Trichogramma acacioi Brun, Moraes & Soares*

Pratissoli, D. and J. R. P. Parra. 2000. Fertility life table of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) in eggs of Tuta absoluta and Phthorimaea operculella (Lep., Gelechiidae) at different temperatures. J. Appl. Entomol. 124: 339-342.

Pratissoli, D., O. Fernandes, J. Zanuncio and P. Pastori. 2004. Fertility life table of Trichogramma pretiosum and Trichogramma acacioi (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) on Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) eggs at different constant temperatures. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 97: 729-731.

Pratissoli, D., J. C. Zanuncio, U. R. Vianna, J. S. Andrade, E. M. Guimarães and M. C. Espindula. 2004. Fertility life table of Trichogramma pretiosum and Trichogramma acacioi on eggs of Anagasta kuehniella at different temperatures. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 39: 193-196.

Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal*

Schöller, M. and S. H. Hassan 2001. Comparative biology and life tables of Trichogramma evanescens and T. cacoeciae with Ephestia elutella as host at four constant temperatures. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 98: 35 – 40.

Trichogramma evanescens Westwood*

Trichogramma pretiosum Riley*

Trigonogenius globosus Solier

Howe, R. W. and H. D. Burges. 1952. Studies on beetles of the family Ptinidae. VII. The biology of five ptinid species found in stored products. Bull. Entomol. Res. 43: 153-186.

Trogoderma anthrenoides (Sharp)

Burges, H. D., and M. E. Cammell. 1964. Effect of temperature and humidity on Trogoderma anthrenoides (Sharp) (Coleoptera, Dermestidae) and comparisons with related species. Bull. Entomol. Res. 55: 313-325.

Trogoderma glabrum (Herbst)

Archer, T. L. and R. G. Strong. 1975. Comparative studies on the biologies of six species of Trogoderma: T. glabrum. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 68: 105-114.

Kantack, B. H. and R. Staples. 1969. The biology and ecology of Trogoderma glabrum (Herbst) in stored grain. Nebraska Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 232.

Trogoderma granarium Everts

Akbar, Shamshad and Hafiz Abdul Qayyum. 1969. Effect of environmental heterogeneity on the development of Trogoderma granarium Everts. Pakistan Journal of Scientific Research 21(1-2):10-18.

Aldryhim, Yousif N. and Elshami E. Adam. 1992. Biology of Trogoderma granarium (everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), in the central province of Saudi Arabia. Journal of King Saud University, Riyadh 4(1): 79-85.

Atwal, A. S., Sidhu, A. S. and Gupta, J. C. 1968. Studies on the growth of populations of Trogoderma granarium Everts and Callosobruchus analis (Fab.). Indian Journal of Entomology. 30(3): 185-191.

Badawi, A. 1972. A Contribution to the Biology of Trogoderma granarium afrum Pries, and T. irroratum Reitt. (Coleoptera‐Dermestidae). Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 71(1-4): 214-221.

Badawi, A. 1973. The biology of two species of Trogoderma existing in Egypt (Coleoptera-Dermestidae). Bull. Soc. Entomol. Egypt 51: 239-246.

Dessi, A. K., G. K. Kapnavar, and K. S. S. Nair. 1973. Influence of diapause on fecundity of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Dermestida, Coleoptera). J. Anim. Morphol. Physiol. 20:197-199.

Hadaway, A. B. 1956. The biology of the dermestid beetles, Trogoderma granarium Everts and Trogoderma versicolor (Creutz). Bull. Entomol. Res. 46: 781-796.

Jakhar, B. L., M. C. Bhargava and S. R. Yadav. 2006. Effect of temperature and humidity on the development of Trogoderma granarium Everts. Journal of Plant Protection Environment 3: 118-121.

Lin, C. K. 1973. Biological studies on the khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) II. Studies on the effect of temperature in relation to its larval stadium (in Chinese). Plant Prot. Bull. 15: 86-92.

Mitsui, E. 1965. Possibility of the Establishment of the Khapra Beetle in Japan. I. Can the Khapra Beetle Establish in Japan? (In Japanese). Bulletin Food Research Institute Tokyo 19: 30–36.

Odeyemi, O. O. and A. T. Hassan. 1993. Influence of temperature, humidity and photoperiod on oviposition and larval development in Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Ann. Entomol. Zool. 28: 275-281.

Riaz, T., F. R. Shakoori, and S. S. Ali. 2014. Effect of Temperature on the Development, Survival, Fecundity and Longevity of Stored Grain Pest, Trogoderma granarium. Pakistan J. Zool. 46:1485-1489.

Saxena, D., V. Aggarwal, and H. Agarwal. 1981. Reproductive Potential of Trogoderma granarium Everts during Diapause. Curr. Sci. 50: 424-425.

Saxena, S. C. et al. 1976. Relative humidity affecting the biology of Trogoderma granarium Everts. Geobios 3: 200-201.

Saxena, S., and S. Vir. 1975. Temperature as a Factor Affecting Egg Productions, Oviposition Periods and Adult Longevity in Trogoderma granarium Everts (Khapra Beetle) (Coleoptera-Dermestidae). Curr. Sci. 44: 556-557.

Singh, K., N. S. Agrawal, and G. K. Girish. 1976. Oviposition and development of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) under different ecological conditions Indian J. Ecol. 3: 56-62.

Staneva, E., A. Obretenchev and D. Obretenchev. 2002. Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera, Dermestidae). I. Influence of temperature on development of different ontogenetic stages. Acta Entomologica Bulgarica (Bulgaria) 8: 16-23.

Vir, Satya 1980 Efect of food and temperature on the biology of Trogoderma granarium (Everts) Khapra beetle (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Bulletin Grain Technology 19(2): 100-104.

Trogoderma inclusum LeConte

Strong, R. G. 1975. Comparative studies on the biologies of six species of Trogoderma: T. inclusum. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 68(1): 91-104.

Kantack, B. H. and R. Staples. 1969. The biology and ecology of Trogoderma glabrum (Herbst) in stored grain. Nebraska Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 232.

Trogoderma irroratum Reitter

Badawi, A. 1972. A Contribution to the Biology of Trogoderma granarium afrum Pries, and T. irroratum Reitt. (Coleoptera‐Dermestidae). Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 71(1-4): 214-221.

Badawi, A. 1973. The biology of two species of Trogoderma existing in Egypt (Coleoptera-Dermestidae). Bull. Soc. Entomol. Egypt 51: 239-246.

Trogoderma variabile Ballion

Burges, H. D. 1961. Effect of temperature, humidity and quantity of food on the development and diapause of Trogoderma parable Beal. Bull. Entomol. Res. 51: 685-696.

Loschiavo, S. R. 1960. Life-history and behaviour of Trogoderma parabile Beal (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Can. Entomol. 92: 611-618.

Loschiavo, S. R. 1967. Adult Longevity and Oviposition of Trogoderma parabile Beal (Coleoptera, Dermestidae) at Different Temperatures. J. stored Prod. Res., 3: 273-282.

Loschiavo, S. R. 1968. Effect of oviposition sites on egg production and longevity of Trogoderma parabile (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Can. Entomol. 100: 86-89.

Partida, G. J. and R. G. Strong. 1975. Comparative studies on the biologies of six species of Trogoderma: T. variabile. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 68: 115-125.

Trogoderma versicolor (Creutzer)

Hadaway, A. B. 1956. The biology of the dermestid beetles, Trogoderma granarium Everts and Trogoderma versicolor (Creutz). Bull. Entomol. Res. 46: 781-796.

Typhaea stercorea (Linnaeus)

Jacob, T. A. 1988. The effect of temperature and humidity on the developmental period and mortality of Typhaea stercorea (L.) (Coleoptera: Mycetophagidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 24: 221-224.

Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst)*

Eliopoulos, P. A., and G. J. Stathas. 2003. Temperature-dependent development of the koinobiont endoparasite Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): Effect of host instar. Environ. Entomol. 32: 1049-1055.

Eliopoulos, P. A. 2006. Life Tables of Venturia canescens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Parasitizing the Mediterranean Flour Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 99 (1): 237-243.

Podoler, H. 1974. Analysis of Life Tables for a Host and Parasite (Plodia-Nemeritis) Ecosystem. J. Anim. Ecol. 43: 653-670.

Spanoudis, C.G. and Andreadis, S. S. 2012. Temperature-dependent survival, development, and adult longevity of thekoinobiont endoparasitoid Venturia canescens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) parasitizing Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J. Pest Sci. 85: 75–80.

Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter)*

Arbogast, R. T. 1975. Population growth of Xylocoris flavipes: influence of temperature and humidity. Environ. Entomol. 4: 825-831.

Awadallah, K. T., M. F. S. Tawfik and N. A. Abou-Zeid. 1983. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the adult of Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) (Anthocoridae: Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Annals of Agricultural Science Moshtohor 19: 427-434.

Rahman, M. M., W. Islam, and K. N. Ahmed. 2007. Effect of temperature on the predator, Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) feeding on Cryptolestes pusillus (Schon.) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). Journal of Bio-Science 15: 41-46.

Russo, A., G. E. Cocuzza, and M. C. Vasta. 2004. Life tables of Xylocoris flavipes (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) feeding on Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) J. Stored Prod. Res. 40: 103-112.

Saha, S. R., Islam, W., & Parween, S. (2013). Influence of Humidity and Tribolium Beetle Food Source on the Life History Characteristics of Predator, Xylocoris flavipes (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension, 15(1), 8-13.

Xylocoris galactinus (Fieber)*

Chu, Y. I. 1969. On the bionomics of Lyctocoris beneficus (Hiura) and Xylocoris galactinus (Fieber) (Anthocoridae, Heteroptera). Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture of the Kyushu University 15: 1-136.

Tawfik, M. F. and M. M. El Husseini. 1971. Life-history of Xylocoris (= Piezostethus) galactinus (Fieber) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique d’Egypte 55: 171-183.

Xylocoris sordidus (Reuter)*

Arbogast, R., B. Flaherty and J. Press. 1983. Demography of the Predaceous Bug Xylocoris sordidus (Reuter). Am. Midl. Nat. 109: 398-405.

Tawfik, M. F. S., K. T. Awadallah, M. M. El-Husseini and A. M. A. Ibrahim. 1986. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the biocycle of Xylocoris sordidus (Reuter) (Anthocoridae, Hemiptera). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 22: 119-129.

Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman)

Dendy, J. and P. F. Credland. 1991. Development, fecundity and egg dispersion of Zabrotes subfasciatus. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 59: 9-17

González, V. M., R. Roche and M. E. Simanca. 1984. Ciclo de vida de Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), plaga de granos almacenados. (Life cycle of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), stored grain pest). Ciencias de la Agricultura (Cuba) 21: 25-30.

Utida, S. 1971. Influence of temperature on the number of eggs, mortality and development of several species of bruchid infesting stored beans. Jpn. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 15:23-30.

Life Histories of Stored-Product Mites

Acarophenax dermestidarum Rack 1959

Rack, G. 1959. Acarophenax dermestidarum sp. n. (Acarina, Pyemotidae), ein eiparasit von Dermestes-arten. Zeit. für Parasitenkunde 19: 411-431.

Acarophenax lacunatus Cross and Krantz 1964

Faroni, L. R. D., R. N. C. guides and A. L. Matioli. 2001. Effect of temperature on development and population growth of Acarophenax lacuatus (Cross & Krantz) (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) on Rhyzoptertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Biocontrol Sci. Tech. 11: 5-12.

Oliveira, C. R. F., L. R. A. Faroni, R. N. C. Guedes, J. R. Goncalves and F. M. Garcia. 2007. Biologia de Acarophenax lacunatus (Cross & Krantz) (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) sobre Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) e Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). Neotropical Entomol. 36: 459-464.

Acarophenax mahunkai Steinkraus and Cross 1993

Steinkraus, D. C. and E. A. Cross. 1993. Description and life history of Acarophenax mahunkai, n. sp. (Acari, Tarsonemina: Acarophenacidae), an egg parasite of the lesser mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 86: 239-249.

Acaropsellina docta (Berlese 1886)

Al-Badry, E. A., G. N. Rizk and S. M. Hafez. 1980. Biological studies of the predatory mite Acaropsis docta (Berlsese) attacking stored product insects. Mesopotamia J. Agric. 15: 179-202.

Kapil, R.P. and Bhanot, J.P. 1972. Biology of Acaropsis docta (Berlese) with notes on bionomics and behaviour of developmental stages. Acarologia, 14: 595–604.

Somchoudhury, A. K. and A. B. Mukherjee. 1971. Bionomics of Acaropsis docta (Berlese) (Acarina: Cheyletidae), a predator on the eggs of some pests of stored grain. Indian J. Entomol. 33: 79-81.

Acaropsellina volgini (Gerson 1967)

Wafa, A. K., M. A. Zaher and Z. R. Soliman. 1970. Life-history of the predator mite, Acaropsis aegyptiaca Wafa and Soliman. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Egypte 54: 155-158.

Acaropsis sollers Kuzin, in Rohdendorf, 1940

Rizk, G. N., E. A. Al-Badry and S. M. Hafez. 1980. Biological studies of the predatory mite Acaropsis solers (Kuzin) attacking stored product pests. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 15(1): 203-222.

Acarus farris (Oudemans 1905)

Sánchez-Ramos, I., F. Alvarez-Alfageme and P. Castañera. 2007. Development and survival of the cheese mites, Acarus farris and Tyrophagus neiswanderi (Acari: Acaridae), at constant temperatures and 90% relative humidity. J. Stored Prod. Res. 43: 64-72.

Sánchez-Ramos, I., F. Alvarez-Alfageme and P. Castañera. 2007. Effect of relative humidity on development, fecundity and survival of three storage mites. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 41: 87-100.

Acarus siro Linnaeus 1758

Boczek, J., and B. Czajkowska. 1976. Studies on the Fecundity of Acarid Mites (Acarina: Acaridae) 1. EPPO Bulletin 6(4): 323-330.

Chmielewski, W. 2000. Life history parameters of Acarus siro L. (Acari: Acaridae) fed buckwheat. Fagopyrum 17: 73-75.

Cunnington, A. M. 1965. Physical limits for complete development of the grain mite, Acarus siro (Acarina, Acaridae), in relation to its world distribution. J. Appl. Ecol. 2: 295-306.

Cunnington, A. M. 1985. Factors affecting oviposition and fecundity in the grain mite Acarus siro L. (Acarnia: Acaridae), especially temperature and relative humidity. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 1: 327-344.

Thind, B. B. and J. A. Dunn. 2002. A laboratory evaluation of a regulated airflow through wheat at four combinations of temperature and humidity on the productivity of three species of stored product mites. Experimental and Applied Acarology 27(1): 89-102.

Aeroglyphus robustus (Banks 1906)

Barker, P. S. 1967b. Effect of humidity and temperature on the biology of Aeroglyphus robustus (Banks) (Acarina: Glycyphagidae). Can. J. Zool. 45:479-483.

Aleuroglyphus ovatus Troupeau 1878

Bin, X., Dongmei, L., Zhiwen, Z. and Zhimin, Z. 2009. Effect of temperature on the life cycle of Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Acari: Acaridae) at four constant temperatures. Journal of Stored Products Research 45: 190–194

Hsin, K. L. and C. P. Shen. 1964. Studies on the life-history of Aleuroglyphus ovatus Troupeau (Acarina: Acaridae). Acta Entomol. Sinica 13: 428-435.

Xia, B., D. Luo, Z. Zou and Z. Zhu. 2009. Effect of temperature on the life cycle of Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Acari: Acaridae) at four constant temperatures. J. Stored Prod. Res. 45: 190-194.

Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese 1887)

Barker, P. S. 1968. Bionomics of Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese) (Acarina: Laelapidae), a predator of mite pests of stored cereals. Can. J. Zool. 46: 1098-1102.

Zaki, A. M., H. A. Rezk, E. T. T. Darwish and H. M. A. Elnenaey. 1997. Bionomics and predation capacity of the predatory mite, Androlaelaps casalis (Ber.) (Gamasida: Laelapidae). Alexandria J. Agric. Res. 42: 57-63.

Blattisocius dentriticus (Berlese 1918)

Mohamed, Amira EM. 2013. Biological aspects and life table parameters of predator gamasid ascid mite, Blattisocius dentriticus (Berlese) (Acari:Gamasida: Ascidae). Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci., 6(2): 97– 105.

Rivard, I. 1960. A technique for individual rearing of the predacious mite Melichares dentriticus (Berlese) (Acarina: Aceosejidae) with notes on its life history and behaviour. Can. Entomol. 92: 834-839.

Rivard, I. 1962. Influence of humidity on the predaceous mite Melichares dentriticus (Berlese) (Acarina: Aceosejidae). Can. J. Zool. 40: 761-766.

Rivard, I. 1962. Some effects of prey density on survival, speed of development, and fecundity of the predaceous mite Melichares dentriticus (Berl.) (Acarina: Aceosejidae). Can. J. Zool. 40: 1233-1236.

Zheng, D. Z. 2011. Studies on Biology and Ecology of Blattisocius dentriticus (Berlese) and Its Application.: PhD thesis Entomology and Pest Control, Sun Yat-sen University Agricultural, 474p.

Blattisocius keegani (Fox 1947)

Barker, P. S. 1967. Bionomics of Blattisocius keegani (Fox) (Acarina: Ascidae), a predator on eggs of pests of stored grains. Can. J. Zool. 45:1093-1099.

Blattisocius tarsalis (Berlese 1918)

Çobanoğlu, S., S. Bayram, E. Denizhan and H. D. Sağlam. 2007. The effect of different temperatures and food densities on development of Blattisocius tarsalis (Berlese) (Acari: Ascidae) reared on Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Turk. Entomol. derg. 31: 7-20.

Darst, P. H. and E.W. King, 1969. Biology of Melichares tarsalis in association with Plodia interpunctella. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 62: 747-749

Hafez, S. M., M. A. Mallawani and S. H. Taher. 1988. Biological studies on Blattisocius tarsalis Keegan, a predacious mite inhabiting stored food in Egypt. Ann. Agric. Sci, Cairo 33: 1387-1393.

Nielsen, P. S. 1999. The impact of temperature on activity and consumption rate of moth eggs by Blattisocius tarsalis (Acari: Ascidae). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 23: 149-157.

Nielsen, P. S. 2001. Developmental time of Blattisocius tarsalis (Acari: Ascidae) at different temperatures. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 605-608.

Carpoglyphus lactis (Linnaeus 1758)

Chao-peng, S. 1979. Studies on the life history of Carpoglyphus lactis (L.) (Astigmata, Carpoglyphidae). Acta Entomol. Sinica 22: 443-447.

Chmielewski W. 1972 – [Life table of the mite Carpoglyphus lactis (L.).] Ziznjennyje tablicy suchofruktovogo klesca – Carpoglyphus lactis (L.). Zesz. Problem. Post. Nauk. Roln., 129: 193-196.

Fleurat-Lessard, F. (1975). Mise au point sur les Acariens des pruneaux, conditions de developpement et de propagation de Carpoglyphus lactis L. Rev. Zool. Agric. et Pathol. Vegetale 74(4): 121-138.

Guldali, Begul and Sultan Cobanoglu. 2010. Investigation on the Life Table Parameters and Development Threshold of Carpoglyphus lactis (L.) (Acari: Carpoglyphidae) at Different Temperatures and Relative Humidities. Turkiye Entomoloji Dergisi-Turkish Journal of Entomology 34 (1): 53-65.

Guldali, B. and S. Cobanoglu. 2011. The effect of different temperatures and relative humidities on development of Carpoglyphus lactis (L., 1758) (Acari: Carpoglyphidae). Turkiye Entomoloji Dergisi-Turkish Journal of Entomology 35: 313-324.

Okamoto, M. 1984. Studies on the environmental factors for the life cycle of Carpoglyphus lactis 1. The effects of relative humidities on individual rearing. Jpn. J. Sanit. Zool. 35: 269-275.

Okamoto, M. 1986. The effect of various temperatures on the life cycle of Carpoglyphus lactis. Jpn. J. Sanit. Zool. 35: 221-227.

Cheletomorpha lepidopterorum (Shaw 1794)

Allison, James Roger 1972. Biology and behavior of the mite, Cheletomorpha lepidopterorum (Shaw) (Prostigmata: Cheyletidae) and its role as a predator of a grain mite, Acarus farris (Oud.)(Astigmata: Acaridae). Oregon State University

Xia, B., T. Zhang and Z. -W. Zou. 2007. The predation of Cheletomorpha lepidoperorum on Tyrophagus putrescentiae. J. Nanchang Univ. (Natural Science) 31: 579-582.

Cheyletogenes ornatus (Canestrini and Fanzago 1876)

Zaher, M. A. and Z. R. Soliman. 1971b. Life history of the predatory mite, Cheleogenes ornatus (Canestrini and Fanzago) (Acarina: Cheyletidae). Bull. Entomol. Soc. Egypte 55: 85-89.

Zaher, M. A., A. A. Yousef and M. M. Kandil. 1981. Effect of food on the biology of Cheletogenes ornatus (C. & F.) (Acari: Prostigmata: Cheyletidae). Acarologia 22: 361-366

Cheyletus cacahuamilpensis Baker 1949

Mohamed, M. I., M. A. Zaher and M. F. Hassan. 1982. Observations on Cheyletus cacahuamilpenis, a predator of the tenuipalpid mite Dolichotetranchus floridanus. Entomologia 27: 343-348.

Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank 1781)

Barker, P. S. 1991. Bionomics of Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank) (Acarina: Cheyletidae), a predator of Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank) (Acarina: Glycyphagidae), at three constant temperatures. Can. J. Zool. 69: 2321-2325.

Berreen , J . M . and Metwally , A . S . M . 1984. Reproductive rates of Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank) . p. 512-518. In D . A . Griffiths and C . E . Bowman eds. Acarology VI vol. 1, Ellis Horwood , U.K

Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans 1903

Palyvos N. E. and N.G. Emmanouel. 2005. A study of the oviposition of the predator mite Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans (Acari: Cheyletidae), at three constant temperatures. Phytophaga 14: 727-732.

Palyvos N. E. and N.G. Emmanouel. 2009. Temperature dependant development of the predatory mite Cheyletus malaccensis (Acari: Cheyletidae). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 47: 147–158

Palyvos N. E. and N. G. Emmanouel. 2011. Reproduction, survival, and life table parameters of the predatory mite Cheyletus malaccensis (Acari: Cheyletidae) at various constant temperatures. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 54: 139-150.

Rout, G. and B. K. Misera. 1987. Biology and habits of Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans (Cheyletidae: Prostigmata). Bull. Grain Tech. 25: 122-128.

Saleh, S. M., M. S. El-Helaly and F. H. El-Gayar. 1986. Life-history of the predatory mite Cheyletus malaccensis (Oudemans). Acarologia 27: 37–40.

Yousef, E. A., M. A. Zaher and M. M. Kandil. 1982. Effect of prey and temperature on the development and biology of Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans (Acari: Cheyletidae). Acarologia 25: 39-42.

Zaher, M. A. and Z. R. Soliman. 1971. Life-history of the predatory mite Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans. Bull. Entomol. Soc. Egypte 55: 49–53.

Cheyletus trouessarti Oudemans 1902

Zhu, Z. –M., K. Zhou, B. Xia, L. –P.Yu and D. Tu. 2000. Effect of temperature on the development period of Cheyletus trouessarti Oudemans. J. Nanchang Univ. (Natural Science) 24: 307-309.

Cunaxa capreolus (Berlese 1890)

Soliman, Z. R., M. A. Zaher and S. M. El-Bishlawy. 1975. Studies on the biology of the predaceous mite Cunaxa capreolus Berl. (Acari, Prostigmata, Cunaxidae). Anz. Schadlingskde, Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz 48: 124-126.

Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes 1961

Alexander A., N. Fall and L.Arlian. 2002. Mating and fecundity of Dermatophagoides farinae. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 26: 79–86.

Arlian, L. G. and J. S. Dippold. 1996. Development and fecundity of Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). J. Med. Entomol. 33: 257-260.

Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart 1897)

Arlian, L. G., C. M. Rapp and S. G. Ahmed. 1990. Development of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). J. Med. Entomol. 27: 1035-1040.

Arlian, L. G., J. S. Neal and S. W. Bacon. 1998. Survival, fecundity and development of Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) at fluctuating relative humidity. J. Med. Entomol. 35: 962-966.

Eucheyletia taurica Volgin 1963

Zdarkova, E. and P. Horak. 1997. Bionomics of Eucheyletia taurica Volgin, a species new to Central Europe (Acarina: Cheyletidae). Acarologia 38: 123-125.

Euroglyphus maynei (Cooreman 1950)

Colloff, M. J. 1991. A review of biology and allergenicity of the house-dust mite Euroglyphus maynei (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 11: 177-198.

Hart, B. J. 1998. Life cycle and reproduction of house-dust mites: environmental factors influencing mite populations. Allergy 53 (Suppl. 48): 13-17.

Fuscuropoda marginata (C. L. Koch 1939)

Rohde, C. J. 1959. Studies on the biologies of two mite species, predator and prey, including some effects of gamma radiation on selected developmental stages. Ecology 40: 572-579.

Glycyphagus domesticus (DeGeer 1778)

Barker, P. S. 1968. Bionomics of Glycyphagus domesticus (DeGeer) (Acarina: Glycyphagidae), a pest of stored grain. Can. J. Zool. 46:89-92.

Matsumoto, K., M. Okamoto and H. Yamaura. 1995. Studies on the environmental factors for the breeding of grain mites. XV. The effect of temperature and relative humidity on the life cycle of individually reared Glycyphagus domesticus (DeGeer, 1778) (Acari: Glycyphagidae). Jpn. J. Sanit. Zool. 46: 31-39.

Haemogamasus pontiger (Berlese 1904)

Barker, P. S. 1968. Notes on the bionomics of Haemogamasus pontiger (Berlses) (Acarina: Mesostigmata), a predator on Glycyphagus domesticus (De Geer). Manitoba Entomol. 2: 85-87.

Histiostoma feroniarum (Dufour 1839)

Liana, M. 2005. First copulation increases longevity and fecundity of Histiostoma feroniarum (Acari: Astigmata: Acaridida) females. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 35: 173-181.

Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini 1884)

Barker, P. S. 1969. The response of a predator, Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini) (Acarina: Laelapidae), to two species of prey. Can. J. Zool. 47: 343-45.

Ignatowicz, S. 1974. Observations on the biology and development of Hypoaspis aculeifer Canestrini, 1885 (Acarina, Gamasides). Zool. Pol. 24(1): 41-60.

Kevan, D. K. M. and G. D. Sharma. 1964. Observations on the biology of Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini, 1884), apparently new to North America (Acarina: Mesostigmata: Laelaptidae). Acarologia 6: 647-658.

Ragusa, S., M. A. Zedan and M. A. Sciacchitano. 1986. The effect of food from plant and animal sources on the development and egg production of the predaceous mite Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini) (Parasitiformes, Dermanyssidae). Redia 69: 481-488.

Ragusa, S. and M. A. Zedan. 1988. Biology and predation of Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini) (Parasitiformes, Dermanyssidae) on Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fum. and Rob.) (Acariformes, Acaridae). Redia 71: 213-226.

Lardoglyphus konoi (Sasa and Asanuma 1951)

Matsumoto, K., M. Okamoto, Y. Wada and H. Yamaura. 1992. Studies on the environmental factors for the breeding of grain mites. XV. The effect of temperature and relative humidity on the life cycle of individually reared Lardoglyphus konoi (Acari: Lardoglyphidae). Jpn. J. Sanit. Zool. 43: 247-254.

Lasioseius berlesi (Oudemans 1938)

Walter, D. E. and E. E. Lindquist. 1989. Life history and behavior of mites in the genus Lasioseius (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from grassland soils in Colorado, with taxonomic notes and descriptions of a new species. Can. J. Zool. 67: 2797-2813

Leiodinychus krameri (G and R. Canestrini 1882)

Radinovsky, S. 1965a. The biology and ecology of granary mites of the Pacific Northwest. III. Life history and development of Leiodinychus krameri (Acarina: Uropodidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 58: 259-267.

Radinovsky, S. 1965b. The biology and ecology of granary mites of the Pacific Northwest. IV. Various aspects of the reproductive behavior of Leiodinychus krameri (Acarina: Uropodidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 58: 267-272.

Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank 1781)

Barker, P. S. 1983. Bionomics of Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank) (Acarina: Glycyphagidae), a pest of stored cereals. Can. J. Zool. 61:355-358.

Chmielewski, W. 2001. Buckwheat as a nourishment of Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schr.) (Acari: Glycyphagidae). Fagopyrum 18: 61-64.

Danielsen, C., L. S. Hansen, G. Nachman and C. Herling. 2004. The influence of temperature and relative humidity on the development of Lepidoglyphus destructor (Acari: Glycyphagidae) and its production of allergens: a laboratory experiment. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 32: 151-170.

Miyamoto, J. 1974. Studies on the environmental factors for the breeding of grain mites. Part 1. The effect of temperatue on the growth and oviposition of Glycyphagus destructor (Schrank, 1781). Jpn. J. Sanit. Zool. 25: 267-272.

Neoseiulus bakeri (Hughes 1948)

Baier, B. 1992. A comparative study of the biology and ecology of Amblyseius bakeri and Neoseiulus cucumeris. EPPO Bull. 22: 429-436.

Bonde, J. 1989. Biological studies including population growth parameters of the predatory mite Amblyseius bakeri (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) at 25^oC in the laboratory. Entomophaga 34: 275-287.

Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans 1930)

Baier, B. 1992. A comparative study of the biology and ecology of Amblyseius bakeri and Neoseiulus cucumeris. EPPO Bull. 22: 429-436.

El Bardy, E. A. and M. A. Zaher. 1961. Life history of the predator mite, Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) cucumeris Oudemans (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Bull. Soc. Entomol. Egypte 45: 427-434.

Marisa, C. and S. Sauro. 1990. Biological observations and life table parameters of Amblyseius cucumeris (Oud.) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) reared on different diets. Redia 73: 569-583.

Nodele calamondin Muma 1964

Barker, P. S. 1992. Bionomics of Nodele calamondin Muma (Acarina: Cheyletidae) fed on Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank) (Acarina: Glycyphagidae), at two constant temperatures. Can. J. Zool. 70: 2333-2337.

Pyemotes tritici (LaGreze-Fossot 1851)

Bruce, W. A. 1984. Temperature and humidity effect on survival and fecundity of Pyemotes tritici (Acari: Pyemotidae). Intern. J. Acarol. 10: 135-138.

Rhizoglyphus echinopus F. and R. 1868

Woodring, J. P. 1969. Observations on the biology of six species of acarid mites. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 62: 102-108.

Rhizoglyphus robini Claparede 1869

Gerson, U., S. Capua and D. Thorens. 1983. Life history and life tables of Rhizoglyphus robini Claparede (Acari: Astigmata: Acaridae). Acarologia 24: 439-448.

Raut, S. K. and R. Sarkar. 1991. The influence of temperature on the life-cycle of Rhizoglyphus robini Claparede (Acari: Acaridae). Intern. J. Acarol. 17: 145-148.

Sancassania anomalus (Nesbitt 1944)

Barker, P. S. 1974. Bionomics of Caloglyphus anomalus Nesbitt (Acarina: Acaridae). Manitoba Entomol. 8: 41-47.

Pillai, P., and P. Winston. 1964. Biology and Nutrition of Caloglyphus-Anomalus (Acrina Sarcoptiformes. Am. Zool. 4:306.

Pillai, P., and P. Winston. 1968. Culture and Nutrition of Caloglyphus Anomalus (Acarina – Acaridae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 61: 56-60.

Pillai, P. R. P. and P. W. Winston. 1969. Life history and biology of Caloglyphus anomalus Nesbitt (Acarina: Acaridae). Acarologia 11(2): 295-303.

Woodring, J. P. 1969. Observations on the biology of six species of acarid mites. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 62: 102-108.

Sancassania berlesei (Michael 1903)

Rodriguez, J. G. and Z. A. Stepien. 1973. Biology and population dynamics of Caloglyphus berlesei (Michael) (Acarina: Acaridae) in xenic diet. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 46: 176-183.

Timms, S., D. N. Ferro and R. M. Emberson. 1981. General biology and nomenclature of Sancassania berlesei (Michael). Acarologia 22: 385-390.

Sancassania rodionovi (Zachvatkin 1935)

Kheradmand, K., K. Kamali, Y. Fathipour, E. M. Goltapeh, and E. A. Ueckermann. 2007. Thermal requirement for development of Sancassania rodionovi (Acari : Acaridae) on mushrooms. J. Econ. Entomol. 100:1098-1103.

Scheloribates laevigatus (C. L.Koch 1836)

Woodring, J. P. and E. F. Cook. 1962. The biology of Ceratozetes cisalpinus Berlese, Scheloribates laevigatus Koch, and Oppia neerlandica Oudemans (Oribatei), with a description of all stages. Acarologia 4: 101-137.

Spinibdella bifurcata Atyeo 1960

Soliman, Z. R. and M. I. Mohamed. 1972. Biological studies on the soil-inhabiting bdellid mite, Spinibdella bifurcata (Acarina: Bdellidae) in U.A.R. Z. Angew. Entomol. 70: 15-23.

Suidasia pontifica Oudemans 1905

Mercado, D., L. Puerta and L. Caraballo. 2001. Life-cycle of Suidasia medanensis (= pontifica) (Acari: Suidasiidae) under laboratory conditions in a tropical environment. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 751-755.

Tarsonemus confusus Ewing 1939

Spiegelberg, W. E. 1951. Some observations on the life history of the mite, Tarsonemus confusus Ewing (Prostigmata: Tarsomenidae). MS Thesis, Bowling Green State Univ., Bowling Green, Ohio.

Tarsonemus granarius Lindquist 1972

White, N.D. and Sinha, R.N. 1982. Life history and population dynamics of the mycophagous mite Tarsonemus granarius Lindquist (Acarina: Tarsonemidae). Acarologia, 22: 353–360.

Thyreophagus entomophagus (Laboulbene1852)

Chmielewski, W. 1984a. Z badań nad Thyreophagus entomophagus (Laboulbene). Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln.171: 253-259. (Investigation on Thyreophagus entomophagus (Laboulbene).)

Tyrolichus casei Oudemans 1910

Nangia, N. and G. P. ChannaBasavanna. 1989. Influence of temperature and relative humidity on the development of Tyrolichus casei (Astigmata: Acaridae). p. 259-264. In G. P. ChannaBasavanna and C. A. Viraktamath (eds.) Progress in Acarology Vol. 2, E. J. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands.

Tyrophagus castellanii (Hirst 1912)

Rivard, I. 1958. Influence of humidity on mortality and rate of development of immature stages of the grain-infesting mite Tyrophagus castellanii reared on mould cultures. Can. Entomol. 90: 721-724.

Rivard, I. 1959. Influence of humidity on longevity, fecundity and rate of increase of the grain infesting mite Tyrophagus castellanii (Acarina: Acaridae) reared on mould cultures. Can. Entomol. 91: 32-35.

Tyrophagus dimidiatus Hermann 1804

The species name dimidiatus has been suppressed (Melville, R. V. 1985. Opinion 1298 Tyrophagus Oudemans, 1924 (Acarina): Clarification of name of type species and conservation. Bull. Zool. Nom. 42: 124-127.) and life history studies reported for Tyrophagus dimidiatus are probably for Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Sasa, M. S.; Oshima, S.; Matsumoto, K.; Sinha, R. N. 1967. On the Identity of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) and T. dimidiatus (Hermann) (Acarina, Acaridae Japan. Jap. J. Sanit. Zool./ Medical Entomology and Zoology 18(4): 216-217.).

Miura, A. and M. Sasa. 1961. Observations on the life cycle of the common grain mite, Tyrophagus dimidiatus (Hermann) by individual rearings. Jpn. J. Exp. Med. 31: 333-339.

Yamamoto, Kikuzo. 1964. On Acaridae in stored foodstuffs. III. Reproduction of Tyrophagus dimidiatus. Journal of Osaka City Medical Center 13:147-162.

Tyrophagus longior (Gervais 1844)

Chmielewski, W.1984b. Tyrophagus longior (Gerv. 1844) (Acarina, Acaridae) – bioekologia, występowanie i szkodliwość. Prace Nauk. Inst. Ochr. Rośl. 26: 69-85. (Tyrophagus longior (Gerv. 1844) (Acarina, Acaridae) – bio-ecology, occurrence and noxiousness.)

Parkinson, C. L., N. Jamieson, J. Eborall and D. M. Armitage. 1991. Comparison of the fecundity of three species of grain store mites on fungal diets. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 12: 297-302.

Tyrophagus neiswanderi Johnston and Bruce 1965

Sánchez-Ramos, I., F. Alvarez-Alfageme and P. Castañera. 2007. Effect of relative humidity on development, fecundity and survival of three storage mites. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 41: 87-100.

Sanchez-Ramos, Ismael, Fernando Alvarez-Alfageme and Pedro Castanera. 2007. Reproduction, Longevity and Life Table Parameters of Tyrophagus neiswanderi (Acari : Acaridae) at Constant Temperatures. Experimental and Applied Acarology 43 (3): 213-226.

Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank 1781)

Barker, P. S. 1967. Effects of high humidity and different temperatures on the biology of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Acarina: Tyroglyphidae). Can. J. Zool. 45:91-96.

Boczek, J., and B. Czajkowska. 1976. Studies on the Fecundity of Acarid Mites (Acarina: Acaridae) 1. EPPO Bulletin 6(4): 323-330.

Hilsenhoff, W. L. and R. J. Dicke. 1963. Effect of temperature and humidity on cheese mites with review of literature. USDA Marketing Research Report 599.

Kheradmand, K., K. Kamali, Y. Fathipour and E. Mohammadi Goltapeh. 2007. Development, life table and thermal requirement of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Astigmata: Acaridae) on mushrooms. J. Stored Prod. Res. 43: 276-281.

Pakyari, H. and M. Maghsoudlo. 2011. Development and life table of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Astigmata: Acaridae) on mushroom and phytonematode. Academic J. Entomol. 4: 59-63.

Papadopoulou, S. C. 2006. Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Astigmata: Acaridae) as a new predator of Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) in tobacco stores in Greece. J. Stored Prod. Res. 42: 391-394.

Rivard, I. 1961. Influence of temperature and humidity on mortality and rate of development of immature stages of the mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Acarina: Acaridae) reared on mould cultures. Can. J. Zool. 39: 419-426.

Sánchez-Romos, I. and P. Castañera. 2001. Development and survival of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae) at constant temperatures. Environ. Entomol. 30: 1082-1089.

Sánchez-Ramos, I. and P. Castañera. 2005. Effect of temperature on reproductive parameters and longevity of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 36: 93-105.

Sánchez-Ramos, I., F. Alvarez-Alfageme and P. Castañera. 2007. Effect of relative humidity on development, fecundity and survival of three storage mites. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 41: 87-100.

Tyrophagus similis Volgin 1949

Al-Safadi, M. M. 1987. The life cycle of the Acari Tyrophagus similis. J. Zool. Lond. 213: 141-146.

Al Safadi, M. 1991. The effect of temperature on the developmental rate of the Tyrophagus similis Volgin (Acari, Acaridae). Revue d’Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol. 28: 341-347.

Kasuga, S. and K. Honda. 2006. Suitability of organic matter, fungi and vegetables as food for Tyrophagus similis (Acari: Acaridae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 41: 227-231.

Life Histories of Stored-Product Insects and Mites

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